Social Norms and Selectivity: Effects of Norms of Open-Mindedness on Content Selection and Affective Polarization - Magdalena Wojcieczak; Stephan Winter; Xudong Yu (Mass Communication and Society, 2020)

Statistische Methoden der Auswertung kulturvergleichender Studien - Michael Eid; Tanja Lischetzke (Handbuch Stress und Kultur : Interkulturelle und kulturvergleichende Perspektiven, 2020)

Studium zur Psychotherapie-Approbation als Herausforderung und Chance: Praktische Hochschullehrkonzepte in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie - Marcel Wilhelm; Winfried Rief; Anke Haberkamp; Pia von Blanckenburg; Julia Anna Glombiewski (Verhaltenstherapie, 2020)

Teachers’ Perspectives on Children With Type 1 Diabetes in German Kindergartens and Schools - Raphael Florian Gutzweiler; Marlies Neese; Tina In-Albon (Diabetes Spectrum, 2020)

Testing the Basic Socio‐Structural Assumptions of Social Identity Theory in the Gender Context: Evidence from Correlational Studies on Women’s Leadership - Carolin Scheifele; Franziska Ehrke; Maria Angels Viladot; Colette Van Laar; Melanie C. Steffens (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2020)

Texts and pictures serve different functions in conjoint mental model construction and adaptation. - Fang Zhao; Wolfgang Schnotz; Inga Wagner; Robert Gaschler (Memory & Cognition, 2020)
This study examined the different functions of text and pictures during text-picture integration in multimedia learning. In Study I, 144 secondary school students (age = 11 to 14 years; 72 females) received six text-picture units under two conditions. In the delayed-question condition, students first read the units without a specific question (no-question phase), to stimulate initial coherence-oriented mental model construction. Afterwards, the question was presented (question-answering phase) to stimulate task-adaptive mental model specification. In the preposed-question condition, students received a specific question from the beginning, stimulating both kinds of processing. Analyses of participants’ eye-movement patterns confirmed the assumption that students allocated a higher proportion of available resources to text processing during initial mental model construction than during adaptive model specification. Conversely, students allocated a higher proportion of available resources to picture processing during adaptive mental model specification than during initial mental model construction. In Study II (N =12, age = 12 to 16, 7 females), we ruled out that these findings were due to the effect of re-reading by implementing a no-question phase either once or twice. To sum up, texts compared to pictures seem to provide more explicit conceptual guidance in mental model construction, whereas pictures compared to text support more mental model adaptation by providing flexible access to specific information for task-oriented updates.

The Animation Composition Principle in Multimedia Learning. - Richard Lowe; Wolfgang Schnotz; Jean-Michel Boucheix (The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning, 2020)
Research has shown that animated graphics are not the educational magic bullet that many expected them to be. They are neither necessarily superior to static graphics nor intrinsically effective in their own right. The Animation Composition Principle characterizes learning from animation as a hierarchical relation-building process by which mental models of the depicted subject matter are progressively and cumulatively constructed from discrete information primitives. It helps explain the limited success of previous attempts to improve animation’s effectiveness that took no account of their fundamental design. By giving due consideration to both perceptual and cognitive aspects of animation processing, the Animation Processing Model that embodies this Principle opens the door to novel, more effective compositional design options. Because such designs are founded on better matching of how animations present their information with the way learners actually process these dynamic representations, compositional animations significantly improve learning outcomes.

The Effects of Context-based Problem-solving Tasks on Students’ Interest and Metacognitive Experiences - Marcela Pozas; Patrick Löffler; Wolfgang Schnotz; Alexander Kauertz (Open Education Studies, 2020)

The influence of decision time on sensitivity for consequences, moral norms, and preferences for inaction: Time, moral judgments, and the CNI model - Meike Kroneisen; Sarah Steghaus (Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2020)

The Influence of privacy control options on the evaluation and user acceptance of mobile applications for volunteers in crisis situations - Leonie Schaewitz; Stephan Winter; Nicole C. Krämer (Behaviour & Information Technology, 2020)

The Nomological Net of the HEXACO Model of Personality: A Large-Scale Meta-Analytic Investigation - Ingo Zettler; Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Morten Moshagen (Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2020)

The uncanny of mind in a machine: Humanoid robots as tools, agents, and experiencers - Markus Appel; David Izydorczyk; Silvana Weber; Martina Mara; Tanja Lischetzke (Computers in Human Behavior, 2020)

The unique contribution of working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and intelligence to reading comprehension and reading speed - V. E. Johann; T. Könen; J. Karbach (Child Neuropsychology, 2020)

Toward a Science of Effective Cognitive Training - C. R. Smid; J. Karbach; N. Steinbeis (Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2020)

Trait/State interactions - Manfred Schmitt; Gabriela Blum (Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2020)

Transdiagnostische Behandlung emotionaler Störungen bei Jugendlichen mit dem Unified Protocol: Eine Fallstudie - Raphael Gutzweiler; Daniela Schwarz; Tina In-Albon (Verhaltenstherapie, 2020)

Treatment Expectations Towards Different Pain Management Approaches: Two Perspectives - Lea Schemer; Winfried Rief; Julia A Glombiewski (Journal of Pain Research, 2020)

Trennungsangst und Schulvermeidung - Tina In-Albon; Daniel Walter (Verhaltenstherapiemanual: Kinder und Jugendliche, 2020)

Trust - Isabel Thielmann (Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2020)

Using day and night: Scheduling retrieval practice and sleep - Meike Kroneisen; Carolina Küpper-Tetzel (Psychology Learning & Teaching, 2020)

Using Day and Night: Scheduling Retrieval Practice and Sleep - Meike Kroneisen; Carolina E. Kuepper-Tetzel (Psychology Learning & Teaching, 2020)

Using Scenarios for Measuring the Affective and Behavioral Components of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: Validation of the SABA Scale - Sabine Preuß; Charlotte Ottenstein; Sven Kachel; Melanie C. Steffens (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2020)

Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen : vom Erstgespräch zur Therapieplanung - Tina In-Albon; Hanna Christiansen; Christina Schwenck (Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 2020)

Verhaltenstherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Tina In-Albon; Simone Pfeiffer; Nina Heinrichs; Rita Rosner; Günter H. Seidler; Carsten Spitzer; Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz; Bernhard Strauß; Harald Freyberger (Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 2020)

Vorstellung einer spezifischen Kurzzeittherapie für sich selbst-verletzende Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene - Alexandra Edinger; Stephanie Bauer; Markus Moessner; Sabine C. Herpertz; Franz Resch; Tina In-Albon; Michael Koelsch; Paul L. Plener; Christian Schmahl; Michael Kaess; STAR Konsertium (Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen - Zeitschrift für die psychosoziale Praxi, 2020)

Who gets ostracized? A personality perspective on risk and protective factors of ostracism - Selma Carolin Rudert; Matthias Keller; Andrew Hales; Mirella Walker; Rainer Greifeneder (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2020)
Ostracism, excluding and ignoring others, results from a variety of factors. Here, we investigate the effect of personality on the likelihood of becoming a target of ostracism. Theorizing that individuals low in conscientiousness or agreeableness are at risk of getting ostracized, we tested our hypotheses within five pre-registered studies: Four experiments investigating participants’ willingness to ostracize targets characterized by different personality traits and a reverse correlation face modelling study where we determined and subsequently validated the stereotypical face of an ostracized person. A survey study within a representative German data panel further corroborated our findings. In line with our hypotheses, persons low in conscientiousness or agreeableness provoke more ostracism intentions (Studies 1, 2, and 4), are more likely to be actually ostracized by others (Study 3), represent the stereotype of an “ostracizable” person (Study 5), and report experiencing more ostracism (Study 6). Effects remained stable even after controlling for likeability of the target (Study 2 and 4). Moreover, being described as negative on one personality dimension could not be compensated by being described as positive on the other (Study 4). In exploratory analyses, we further investigated the effects of openness to experience, neuroticism and extraversion. In sum, we find evidence that personality affects the likelihood of becoming a target of ostracism, and that especially low agreeableness and conscientiousness represent risk factors.

Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm-violating behavior in ostracism situations. - Selma Carolin Rudert; Simone Ruf; Rainer Greifeneder (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2020)
When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the observed persons by refraining to assign money (Studies 1 and 2), or by subtracting money from a bonus (Studies 3 and 4). Observers assigned less money to the sources when these excluded a norm‐consistent target. However, when the target had violated a social norm before, participants assigned less money to the target instead. These results have far‐reaching implications because the (in)actions of neutral individuals can legitimize the sources’ behavior, or help a target under attack.

Zum Kuckuck mit den Regeln : wie Kimi lernte, mit der Wut umzugehen - Julia Weißflog; Christiane Dahm; Markus Mews; Tabea Warczok (Hogrefe, 2020)

#Globalcitizen: An Explorative Twitter Analysis of Global Identity and Sustainability Communication - Marie Merle; Gerhard Reese; Stefan Drews (SUSTAINABILITY, 2019)
(1) Background: global citizenship is often associated with pro-social and pro-environmental attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. Much of this research relies on questionnaire studies, whereas studies drawing on naturally occurring daily communications are under-used. In this paper, we analyse the content that users publish on Twitter related to the issue of global identity and citizenship. (2) Methods: we assessed word frequencies and associated hashtags of 35,237 tweets marked with the hashtag #globalcitizen. A sentiment analysis was conducted to investigate the moods and emotions of the tweets. (3) Results: in line with expectations derived from social identity theory, we found that associated words and hashtags were more often linked to themes of common good/disadvantaged groups than they were to the topic of nature and environment. Providing evidence for an empowerment function of global citizenship, the sentiment analysis suggests that global citizenship is related to rather positive emotions. (4) Conclusion: these findings reveal how identity constructions in social media predict associated contents and possibly pathways to social change.

About flames and boogeymen: Social norms affect individuals’ construal of social exclusion - Rainer Greifeneder; Selma Carolin Rudert (Current Directions in Ostracism, Social Exclusion and Rejection Research, 2019)
The first reaction to social exclusion is often described as a reflexive pain reaction that threatens individual’s fundamental needs. This reflexive reaction has usually been conceptualized as direct and independent of situational influence. In this chapter, we highlight a different perspective that conceptualizes reactions to ostracism as fundamentally cognitively mediated. This perspective emphasizes the role of individuals’ subjective construal of the objective not-being-part situation. While many frames of interpretation may exist to guide subjective construal, we put the spotlight on social norms as one particularly important frame of interpretation in daily life. We argue that if exclusion is interpreted as a violation of a prevailing inclusion norm, individuals will experience pain and threat. In contrast, if exclusion is perceived as consistent with the salient norm, and if this norm is personally endorsed, the situation may not be interpreted as threatening in the first place. Evidence in support is reported and related to the larger framework of research on ostracism and social exclusion.

Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung in der Kinder- und Jugendlichenverhaltenstherapie in Deutschland, der Schweiz und Österreich - Josef Könning; Tina In-Albon; Bibiana Schuch (Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Band 3, 2019)

Belief updating in depression is not related to increased sensitivity to unexpectedly negative information - Tobias Kube; Lukas Kirchner; Winfried Rief; Thomas Gärtner; Julia Anna Glombiewski (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019)

Causal underpinnings of working memory and Stroop interference control: Testing the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS over the left DLPFC - Anna Baumert; Nita Buchholz; Axel Zinkernagel; Patrick Clarke; Colin MacLeod; Roman Osinsky; Manfred Schmitt (Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019)

Contamination-fear in subclinical obsessive-compulsive disorder: A further proof for no preferential processing of disorder-related stimuli - Anke Haberkamp; Filipp Schmidt; Jana Hansmeier; Julia Anna Glombiewski (JOURNAL OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS, 2019)

Current Directions in Ostracism, Social Exclusion and Rejection Research - Selma Carolin Rudert; Rainer Greifeneder; Kipling Williams (Routledge, 2019)
This edited volume provides an up-to-date review of current research on ostracism, social exclusion, and rejection. The book shows why exclusion and rejection occur, how they affect the excluded individuals, and the consequences they might have for individuals and organizations. Ostracism, social exclusion, and rejection are common phenomena, both at the individual level, such as ostracism in the classroom or at the workplace, as well as on a societal or even global scale, such as immigration or asylum policies. Examining key concepts such as the long-term effects of ostracism, the developmental and cultural perspective on ostracism, and the detrimental impact that social exclusion may have on individuals and societies, the authors provide an up-to-date overview of the research field and present new conceptual models and methodological approaches. Featuring discussion of promising areas, novel pathways for research, and cutting-edge developments, this is the most comprehensive bringing-together of research on this topic. The book gives both a broad state-of-the-art overview of the field as well as discussing cutting-edge ideas and promising areas for future research; it is essential for students, researchers of social psychology, and policy makers interested in this field.

Deceptive and Nondeceptive Placebos to Reduce Pain - Tobias Kube; Winfried Rief; Maj-Britt Vivell; N. Leonora Schäfer; Teresa Vermillion; Karoline Körfer; Julia A. Glombiewski (The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2019)

Development of a Japanese version of the Justice Sensitivity Inventory (JSI-J) - Y. J. Tham; T. Hashimoto; M. Schmitt; K. Karasawa (Japanese Psychological Research, 2019)

Do Positive and Negative Stereotypes of Gay and Heterosexual Men Affect Job-Related Impressions? - Melanie C. Steffens; Claudia Niedlich; Rosa Beschorner; Maren C. Köhler (Sex Roles, 2019)

Do stereotypes strike twice? Giftedness and gender stereotypes in pre-service teachers’ beliefs about student characteristics in Australia - Svenja Matheis; Lena K. Keller; Leonie Kronborg; Manfred Schmitt; Franzis Preckel (Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 2019)

Effects of game‐based and standard executive control training on cognitive and academic abilities in elementary school children - Verena E. Johann; Julia Karbach (Developmental Science, 2019)

Erwartungsfokussierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei Personen mit depressiver Symptomatik - Tobias Kube; Julia A. Glombiewski; Winfried Rief (Verhaltenstherapie, 2019)

Evaluation eines Pilotprojekts zur strukturierten Fortbildung pädagogischer Fach- und Lehrkräfte im Umgang mit Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Rheinland-Pfalz - Raphael Gutzweiler; Marlies Neese; Dorothea Reichert; Laura Kraus; Tina In-Albon (Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, 2019)

Evaluation of exposure instructions to pain: Should therapist focus on fear reduction or expectation violation? - Julia Glombiewski; L. Schemer; K. Körfer (Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2019)

Evaluation of Exposure Instructions to Pain: Should Therapist Focus on Fear Reduction or Expectation Violation? - Lea Schemer; Karoline Körfer; Julia Anna Glombiewski (Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2019)

Exposure and cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic back pain: An RCT on treatment processes - Lea Schemer; Andreas Schroeder; Eva Ornbol; Julia Anna Glombiewski (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN, 2019)

Forschungsnetzwerk KODAP - Tina In-Albon; Hanna Christiansen; Stephanie Imort; Karen Krause; Angelika Schlarb; Silvia Schneider; Daniela Schwarz; Lorenz Weber; Julia Velten (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2019)

Function of Verbal Strategies in Monolingual vs. Bilingual Students’ Planning Performance: An Experimental Approach - C. Gunzenhauser; H. Saalbach; J. Karbach (Cognitive Development, 2019)

Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms - Tobias Kube; Philipp Herzog; Charlotte M. Michalak; Julia A. Glombiewski; Bettina K. Doering; Winfried Rief (Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2019)

Gender (Conformity) Matters: Cross-Dimensional and Cross-Modal Associations in Sexual Orientation Perception - Sven Kachel; Melanie C. Steffens; Sabine Preuß; Adrian P. Simpson (Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2019)

Generalisierte Angststörung - Tina In-Albon (Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Band 3, 2019)

German Society for Psychology e. V. - Petra Warschburger; Gerhard Reese; Sebastian Bamberg; Alexandra Kibbe; Maxie Schulte (PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU, 2019)

Get together, feel together, act together: International personal contact increases identification with humanity and global collective action - Anne-Kristin Roempke; Immo Fritsche; Gerhard Reese (JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2019)
Declining natural resources or climate change are examples of global challenges that characterize our globalized world. A sustainable human cohabitation depends on global intergroup cooperation and joint efforts to solve these crises. Intergroup contact tends to reduce intergroup prejudice and can facilitate such intergroup cooperation. Another line of research indicates that these improved attitudes may reduce the motivation to collective action among members of disadvantaged groups in situations of intergroup conflict, indicating that intergroup contact and collective action are antagonistic processes. In this article, we argue instead that intergroup contact may facilitate collective action intentions against global crises (e.g., climate change or global economic inequalities) that require international cooperation. Specifically, we propose international contact to foster recategorization on the level of all humanity, and in turn intentions of globally responsible actions. We first review evidence of the effects of contact with regard to intergroup cooperation. It is followed by a discussion of the unique nature of collective action concerning a common global challenge. We then integrate both lines of research within the Common Ingroup Identity approach. In two empirical studies (N-1 = 104, N-2 = 259), we show first evidence that international contact increases identification and solidarity with humanity which then (according to Study 2) is also positively related to intentions of global responsible behavior. Our analysis thus suggests that intergroup contact, beyond the improvement of attitudes, may serve as an effective initiator of social change.

Global Human Identification and Citizenship: A Review of Psychological Studies - Sam McFarland; Justin Hackett; Katarzyna Hamer; Iva Katzarska-Miller; Anna Malsch; Gerhard Reese; Stephen Reysen (POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2019)
We review psychological research on global human identification and citizenship, Thomas Paine's belief that "The world is my country, and all mankind are my brethren." In turn, we review the theoretical foundations that guided our work, research with measures that preceded our own, and our own work with our correlated scales. We review its foundations, its effects upon attitudes and behaviors, and how it might be enlarged. Global human identification and citizenship is related negatively to ethnocentrism, authoritarianism, the social dominance orientation, and self-centeredness, but positively to dispositional empathy and the values of universalism, care, and justice. It is expressed in attitudes and behaviors that support human rights and work to reduce global suffering and inequalities. It is associated with greater global knowledge and with efforts to acquire that knowledge. Childrearing that emphasizes cross-cultural exposure and awareness of others' suffering may promote global human identification and citizenship, as does education that encourages global mindedness. Environments that support global human identification also induce it, as does envisioning it as a moral ideal.

Guilt Experience in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Edgar Geissner; Lina M. Knechtl; Anna Baumert; Tobias Rothmund; Manfred Schmitt (Verhaltenstherapie, 2019)

Gütekrierien für Online-Self-Assessments - Manfred Schmitt; Lothar Schmidt-Atzert (Online-Self-Assessments an Hochschulen, 2019)

How to modify persisting negative expectations in major depression? An experimental study comparing three strategies to inhibit cognitive immunization against novel positive experiences - Tobias Kube; Julia Anna Glombiewski; Jeremias Gall; Leslie Touissant; Thomas Gaertner; Winfried Rief (JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, 2019)

Hype and hope? Mind-body practice predicts pro-environmental engagement through global identity - Laura S. Loy; Gerhard Reese (Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2019)

I feel what they say: The effect of social media comments on viewers’ affective reactions toward elevating online videos - Nicole C. Krämer; German Neubaum; Stephan Winter; Leonie Schaewitz; Sabrina Eimler; Mary B. Oliver (Media Psychology, 2019)

Imagining the loss of social and physical place characteristics reduces place attachment - Gerhard Reese; Leonie M. S. Oettler; Laura C. Katz (JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2019)
Place attachment the cognitive-emotional bond people have to specific places is associated with various psychological outcomes and behaviors. While it is well-established that both important social as well as physical features determine how strongly people attach to a place, it is largely unexplored how the loss of such features causally affects place attachment. In two online experiments (NI = 161; N2 = 199), participants were asked to name physical and/or social features of their place of residence that were important to them. Subsequently, we asked participants to imagine the loss of these social or physical features, or the loss of both. Results revealed that imagining the loss of both a physical and a social feature combined resulted in lowest anticipated attachment to the place. Closer data inspection suggests that social features seem more important than physical features. The experiments, introducing a novel experimental manipulation of place attachment, thus provide a systematic, causal test of place characteristics' influence on place attachment.

Impression-Motivated News Consumption : Are User Comments in Social Media More Influential Than on News Sites? - Stephan Winter (Journal of Media Psychology, 2019)

Improving Methodological Standards in Behavioral Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement - C.S. Green; D. Bavelier; A.F. Kramer; S. Vinogradov; U. Ansorge; K.K. Ball; U. Bingel; J.M. Chein; L.S. Colzato; J.D. Edwards; A. Facoetti; A. Gazzaley; et al. (Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 2019)

Justice for the People? How Justice Sensitivity Can Foster and Impair Support for Populist Radical‐Right Parties and Politicians in the United States and in Germany - Tobias Rothmund; Laurits Bromme; Flávio Azevedo (Political Psychology, 2019)

Konzeption, Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit einer modularisierten universellen Präventionsmaßnahme zur emotionalen Kompetenz für Kinder und Jugendliche an Schulen im Rahmen eines Service-Learning-Konzepts - Simone Pfeiffer; Raphael Gutzweiler; Taru Tschan; Tina In-Albon (Verhaltenstherapie, 2019)

Krisenkommunikation im Gesundheitsbereich - Stephan Winter; Leonie Rösner (Handbuch der Gesundheitskommunikation : Kommunikationswissenschaftliche Perspektiven, 2019)

Learning from the news about the consequences of climate change: an amendment of the cognitive mediation model - Corinna Oschatz; Marcus Maurer; Jörg Haßler (Journal of Science Communication, 2019)

Machen wir uns die Welt, wie sie uns gefällt? Ein Forschungsüberblick zur Verbreitung, Rezeption und Aneignung von Fake News und daraus abgeleiteten Implikationen für medienpädagogische Maßnahmen - Ines Welzenbach-Vogel; Karin Knop (Merz: Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, 2019)

Male Majority, Female Majority, or Gender Diversity in Organizations: How Do Proportions Affect Gender Stereotyping and Women Leaders’ Well-Being? - Melanie C. Steffens; Maria Angels Viladot; Carolin Scheifele (Frontiers in Psychology, 2019)

Meta-Analytic Investigations of the HEXACO Personality Inventory(-Revised) Reliability Generalization, Self-Observer Agreement, Intercorrelations, and Relations to Demographic Variables - Morten Moshagen; Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Ingo Zettler (ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 2019)

Minimizing inequality versus maximizing joint gains: On the relation between personality traits and different prosocial motivations - Dorothee Mischkowski; Isabel Thielmann; Andreas Gloeckner (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY, 2019)

Modelling the drivers of a widespread shift to sustainable diets - Sibel Eker; Gerhard Reese; Michael Obersteiner (NATURE SUSTAINABILITY, 2019)
A reduction in global meat consumption can significantly reduce the adverse environmental effects of the food system, but it would require widespread dietary changes. Such shifts to sustainable diets depend on several behavioural factors that have not yet been addressed in relation to the food system. This study links a behavioural diet shift model to an integrated assessment model to identify the main drivers of global diet change and its implications for the food system. The results show that the social norm effect (for instance, the extent of vegetarianism in the population that accelerates a further switch to a vegetarian diet) and self-efficacy are the main drivers of widespread dietary changes. These findings stress the importance of value-driven actions motivated either by intrinsic identity or by group dynamics over health and climate risk perceptions in steering diet change dynamics.

Nichtsuizidale Selbstverletzungen und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung - Tina In-Albon; Marc Schmid (Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Band 3, 2019)

No gain without pain: The psychological costs of dishonesty - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY, 2019)

Nomological consistency: A comprehensive test of the equivalence of different trait indicators for the same constructs - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, 2019)

Observing ostracism: How observers interpret and respond to ostracism situations - Selma Carolin Rudert; Rainer Greifeneder (Current Directions in Ostracism, Social Exclusion and Rejection Research, 2019)
This chapter presents an overview about how uninvolved observers perceive, interpret and evaluate ostracism and eventually, how they react to ostracism situations. Whereas research has often focused on how observers empathize with targets of ostracism and “feel their pain,” different attributions about the underlying motives for ostracism result in strong differences with regard to observers’ evaluations and behavior. If observers attribute ostracism to a malicious motive of the sources, they blame and punish the sources for it. However, if ostracism is attributed to a punitive motive following some norm-violation of the target, observers blame and punish the target. Another motive for ostracism that is perceived as socially acceptable is role-consisted ostracism. Because observers often lack information about the ostracism situation, they might revert to heuristics and stereotypes. This creates the potential for misattributions, which might then result in unfair blaming and unjust punishments of either targets or sources. In addition, observers’ intention to act on ostracism might be influenced by the motive to protect oneself from becoming a target as well. We end this chapter with several suggestions for research on observers of ostracism as well as practical interventions that can increase observers’ awareness of ostracism and assist them in making informed moral judgments.

On the Lack of Real Consequences in Consumer Choice Research - and Its Consequences - Sina A. Klein; Benjamin E. Hilbig (Experimental Psychology, 2019)
Experimental tasks measure actual behavior when the consequences that follow actions and choices mirror those of real-life behavior. Consequently, choice tasks in consumer research would need to include both costs (losing a previously earned endowment) and gains (actually receiving what was chosen) to structurally resemble real-life consumer choices. A literature review of studies (k = 446) in consumer research confirms that full implementation of consequences is rare. The extent to which presence versus absence of these consequences systematically affects observable behavior is tested in an experiment (N = 669) comparing a fully consequential (cost and gain consequences), a partially consequential (gain consequence only), and a hypothetical (no consequences) consumer choice task. Results show that consequences, once real, affect both the general willingness to purchase and the relative preferences for different products. Hence, it would seem advisable to more carefully consider the role of consequences in future consumer research.

On the relationship between Openness to Experience, political orientation, and pro-environmental behavior - Sina A. Klein; Daniel W. Heck; Gerhard Reese; Benjamin E. Hilbig (Personality and Individual Differences, 2019)
Previous research consistently showed that Openness to Experience is positively linked to pro-environmental behavior. However, this does not appear to hold whenever pro-environmental behavior is mutually exclusive with cooperation. The present study aimed to replicate this null effect of Openness and to test political orientation as explanatory variable: Openness is associated with a left-wing/liberal political orientation, which, in turn, is associated with both cooperation and pro-environmental behavior, thus creating a decision conflict whenever the latter are mutually exclusive. In an online study (N = 355) participants played the Greater Good Game, a social dilemma involving choice conflict between pro-environmental behavior and cooperation. Results both replicated prior findings and suggested that political orientation could indeed account for the null effect of Openness.

On the role of retrieval processes in the survival processing effect: Evidence from ROC and ERP analyses - Glen Forester; Meike Kroneisen; Edgar Erdfelder; Siri, M. Kamp (Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2019)

Pädagogische Psychologie kompakt - Wolfgang Schnotz (Beltz, 2019)

Personality traits as state density distributions: Building on Fleeson (2001) - John F. Rauthmann; Manfred Schmitt (Personality and Individual Differences: Revisiting the Classic Studies, 2019)

Placebo mechanisms in depression: An experimental investigation of the impact of expectations on sadness in female participants - Glombiewski Julia Anna; Rheker Julia; Wittkowski Julia; Rebstock Lea; Rief Winfried (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2019)

Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Smartphone-Nutzung für (gelingende) soziale Beziehungen und f2f-Kommunikation - Karin Knop; Sarah Lutz; Ines Vogel; Roland Gimmler (Merz: Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, 2019)
Dank Smartphones und mobilem Internet ist es so einfach wie nie zuvor, Kontakte zu pflegen und Erlebnisse mit anderen zu teilen. Gleichzeitig verweisen Kampagnen wie „Heute schon mit Ihrem Kind gesprochen?“ auf negative Folgen für das soziale Miteinander und individuelle Wohlbefinden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet Chancen und Risiken der Smartphone-Nutzung für soziale Beziehungen, stellt aktuelle Studienergebnisse vor und leitet daraus medienpädagogische Implikationen ab.

Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Smartphone-Nutzung für (gelingende) soziale Beziehungen und f2f-Kommunikation. - Karin Knop; Sarah Lutz; Ines Vogel; Roland Gimmler (merz - medien + erziehung. Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, 2019)
Dank Smartphones und mobilem Internet ist es so einfach wie nie zuvor, Kontakte zu pflegen und Erlebnisse mit anderen zu teilen. Gleichzeitig verweisen Kampagnen wie „Heute schon mit Ihrem Kind gesprochen?“ auf negative Folgen für das soziale Miteinander und individuelle Wohlbefinden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet Chancen und Risiken der Smartphone-Nutzung für soziale Beziehungen, stellt aktuelle Studienergebnisse vor und leitet daraus medienpädagogische Implikationen ab.

Putting a stereotype to the test: The case of gender differences in multitasking costs in task-switching and dual-task situations - P. Hirsch; I. Koch; J. Karbach (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Restorative Effects of Nature (Images): The Role of Visual Processing - Claudia Menzel; Gerhard Reese (PERCEPTION, 2019)

Schulderleben bei Zwangspatienten - Edgar Geissner; Lina M. Knechtl; Anna Baumert; Tobias Rothmund; Manfred Schmitt (Verhaltenstherapie, 2019)

Selective attention in the news feed: An eye-tracking study on the perception and selection of political news posts on Facebook - Michael Sülflow; Svenja Schäfer; Stephan Winter (New Media & Society, 2019)

Self-injury: Treatment, Assessment, Recovery (STAR): online intervention for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Michael Kaess; Julian Koenig; Stephanie Bauer; Markus Moessner; Gloria Fischer-Waldschmidt; Margarete Mattern; Sabine C. Herpertz; Franz Resch; Rebecca Brown; Tina In-Albon; Michael Koelch; Paul L. Plener; et al. (Trials, 2019)

Sibling relationships of female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in comparison to a clinical and a nonclinical control group - Taru Tschan; Janine Lüdtke; Marc Schmid; Tina In-Albon (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2019)

Situational Affordances for Prosocial Behaviour: On the Interaction Between Honesty‐Humility and (Perceived) Interdependence - Simon Columbus; Isabel Thielmann; Daniel Balliet (European Journal of Personality, 2019)

Sozialpsychologie kompakt - Mario Gollwitzer; Manfred Schmitt (Beltz, 2019)

Störung mit Trennungsangst - Tina In-Albon; Susanne Knappe; T. Schnell; K. Schnell (Handbuch Klinische Psychologie, 2019)

Tackling the plastic problem: A review on perceptions, behaviors, and interventions - Lea Marie Heidbreder; Isabella Bablok; Stefan Drews; Claudia Menzel (Science of The Total Environment, 2019)

Testgüte einer deutschen Version des Mehrdimensionalen Perfektionismus Kognitions-Inventars (MPCI-G) - Elisabeth Prestele; Christine Altstötter-Gleich (Diagnostica, 2019)

The Effects of Abstract vs. Concrete Mindsets on the Persuasiveness of Online Reviews: A Construal Level Perspective - Stephan Winter; Xijia Hu (Advances in Advertising Research X : Multiple Touchpoints in Brand Communication, 2019)

The effects of private tutoring on students’ perception of their parents’ academic involvement and the quality of their parent-child relationship - Barbara Otto; Julia Karbach (Educational Psychology, 2019)

The Perspective Matters: A Multi-informant Study on the Relationship Between Social-Emotional Competence and Preschoolers’ Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms - Laura Huber; Maria Plötner; Tina In-Albon; Stephanie Stadelmann; Julian Schmitz (Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2019)

The Persuasive Effect of Journalistic Storytelling: Experiments on the Portrayal of Exemplars in the News - Corinna Oschatz; Katharina Emde-Lachmund; Christoph Klimmt (Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2019)
This study aims to deepen our understanding of the persuasive effects of exemplars in the news by addressing the role of character depiction. Exemplification theory and narrative persuasion research are integrated to shed light on the psychological mechanisms mediating the persuasive effect. Two replicative field experiments (N = 389) were conducted manipulating the depiction of the character within a print news article in three factor levels (no exemplification, external view, and internal view). Regardless of the depiction of the character, presence of an exemplar increased narrative involvement that mediated indirect effects on message-consistent attitudes and behavioral intentions.

The unique contribution of working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and intelligence to reading comprehension and reading speed - Verena Johann; Tanja Könen; Julia Karbach (Child Neuropsychology, 2019)

Theatre leadership from a communication perspective - Berend Barkela (Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement, 2019)

Towards an explanatory personality psychology: Integrating personality structure, personality process, and personality development - Anna Baumert; Manfred Schmitt; Marco Perugini (Personality and Individual Differences, 2019)

TV-Duelle - Simon Richter; Berend Barkela; Thorsten Faas; Jürgen Maier; Michaela Maier (Zwischen Polarisierung und Beharrung: die Bundestagswahl 2017, 2019)

TV-Duelle - Simon Richer; Berend Barkela; Thorsten Faas; Jürgen Maier; Michaela Maier (Zwischen Polarisierung und Beharrung: Die Bundestagswahl 2017, 2019)

What did they say? How subgroup stereotypes influence memory for superordinate groups - Anne Berthold; Melanie C. Steffens; Amélie Mummendey (Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2019)

When and how social movements mobilize action within and across nations to promote solidarity with refugees - Emma F. Thomas; Laura G.E. Smith; Craig McGarty; Gerhard Reese; Anna Kende; Ana-Maria Bliuc; Nicola Curtin; Russell Spears (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2019)
When and how do social movements form to mobilize action across national boundaries? In the context of the 2015 movement to support Syrian refugees, we develop an integrative model of transnational social movement formation shaped by pre‐existing world‐views (social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism) and social media exposure to iconic events, resulting in an emergent group consciousness (“we are”, “we believe”, “we feel”). Group consciousness is, in turn, the proximal predictor of solidarity with refugees. Participants were from six countries: Hungary (N = 267), Romania (N = 163), Germany (N = 190), the United Kingdom (N = 159), the United States (N = 244) and Australia (N = 344). Multi‐group structural equation models confirmed that group consciousness, shaped by individual differences and exposure to events through social media, was the proximal predictor of solidarity. The subjective meaning of group consciousness varied across samples, reflecting national differences. Results support the importance of considering individual and national differences, and group processes in understanding emergent social movements.

Which Kind of Political Campaign Messages do People Perceive as Election Pledges? - Julia Dupont; Evelyn Bytzek; Melanie C. Steffens; Frank M. Schneider (Electoral Studies, 2019)

Work-Related Impression Formation: Reviewing Parenthood Penalties and Investigating a “Fatherhood Penalty” for Single Fathers - Melanie C. Steffens; Sabine Preuß; Carolin Scheifele (Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2019)

You should go for diversity, but I’d rather stay with similar others: Psychological distance modulates one’s preference for diversity - Mariela Elena E. Jaffé; Selma Carolin Rudert; Rainer Greifeneder (Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2019)
Organizations often state that they value diversity. The workforce, however, is often quite homogeneous, reflecting a striking mismatch between aspirations and reality. Based on the distinction between desirability and feasibility concerns, we provide a psychological argument for this mismatch. We hypothesize that social distance influences individuals' choices regarding diversity. When being socially more distant, individuals prefer to assemble a diverse team, due to a stronger impact of pro-diversity desirability concerns. In contrast, when being socially close, individuals prefer similar team members, due to a stronger weighing of anti-diversity feasibility concerns. Four studies investigate the different decision outcomes when being socially distant compared to close. Study 1 shows that working in a diverse group is perceived as desirable, but less feasible. Study 2 investigates the impact of psychological distance on individuals' choices of working with a more different (when being socially distant) or similar partner (when being socially close). Study 3 shows that participants created a more diverse team for another person (distance condition) than for themselves (proximity condition). In Study 4, participants did not create a more diverse group for a stranger (distance condition) than for a friend (adjusted proximity condition), however, participants weighted feasibility concerns less strongly for strangers than for friends. Implications for diversity research and practice are discussed.

Ziele und Wirkung der internen Organisationskommunikation - Berend Barkela; Isabella Glogger; Michaela Maier; Frank M. Schneider (Handbuch Mitarbeiterkommunikation : Interne Kommunikation in Unternehmen, 2019)

Zur Wahrnehmung politischer (Wahlkampf-) Aussagen als Wahlversprechen - Julia Dupont; Evelyn Bytzek; Melanie C. Steffens; Frank M. Schneider (Wahrnehmung - Persönlichkeit - Einstellungen. Psychologische Theorien und Methoden in der Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung, 2019)

"Degrowth" vs. Other Types of Growth: Labeling Affects Emotions but Not Attitudes - Stefan Drews; Gerhard Reese (ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION-A JOURNAL OF NATURE AND CULTURE, 2018)
Questioning the compatibility of economic growth and environmental sustainability, some scholars and activists call for a degrowth strategy. This idea presents an attack on the economic growth paradigm, and it has thus raised considerable attention. Yet, although many agree with questioning economic growth, a debate continues as to whether the term degrowth is (dis)advantageous in wider public communications. This debate, however, lacks empirical evidence. Here, we present two studies on how degrowth is perceived compared to other relevant terms. In Study 1, we show that degrowth elicits more negative affective and emotional reactions compared to post-growth and prosperity without growth. In Study 2, we find that the effects of labeling on attitudes and voting intentions toward a sustainable economy are relatively small. These initial results suggest that degrowth may evoke somewhat more negative emotional reactions than similar terms, but this may not have significant consequences. We discuss the results and draw implications for communication and further research.

“Do I Sound Straight?”: Acoustic Correlates of Actual and Perceived Sexual Orientation and Masculinity/Femininity in Men's Speech - Sven Kachel; Adrian P. Simpson; Melanie C. Steffens (Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2018)

A Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) - Immo Fritsche; Markus Barth; Philipp Jugert; Torsten Masson; Gerhard Reese (PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW, 2018)
Large-scale environmental crises are genuinely collective phenomena: they usually result from collective, rather than personal, behavior and how they are cognitively represented and appraised is determined by collectively shared interpretations (e.g., differing across ideological groups) and based on concern for collectives (e.g., humankind, future generations) rather than for individuals. Nevertheless, proenvironmental action has been primarily investigated as a personal decision-making process. We complement this research with a social identity perspective on pro-environmental action. Social identity is the human capacity to define the self in terms of "We" instead of "I," enabling people to think and act as collectives, which should be crucial given personal insufficiency to appraise and effectively respond to environmental crises. We propose a Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) of how social identity processes affect both appraisal of and behavioral responses to large-scale environmental crises. We review related and pertinent research providing initial evidence for the role of 4 social identity processes hypothesized in SIMPEA. Specifically, we propose that ingroup identification, ingroup norms and goals, and collective efficacy determine environmental appraisals as well as both private and public sphere environmental action. These processes are driven by personal and collective emotions and motivations that arise from environmental appraisal and operate on both a deliberate and automatic processing level. Finally, we discuss SIMPEA's implications for the research agenda in environmental and social psychology and for interventions fostering pro-environmental action.

Back to the roots: When diversity evokes increased group-based conventionalism - Janine Dieckmann; Melanie C. Steffens; Nicole Methner (Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2018)
Previous research has demonstrated that emphasizing diversity within superordinate groups can either improve or impair subgroup relations. The present research investigated whether this can depend on the way in which diversity is activated. We activated diversity by presenting central or peripheral subgroups. We tested the effects on group-based conventionalism and subgroup attitudes within the superordinate group of “metal music fans”. Participants were members of the (majority) subgroup of death metal fans. When the superordinate group’s diversity was activated with peripheral subgroups, death metal fans showed higher group-based conventionalism than in the condition in which central subgroups were presented. Group-based conventionalism mediated the relation between diversity activation and subgroup attitudes. Higher group-based conventionalism led to less positive subgroup attitudes (Experiments 1 and 2). However, this detrimental “back to the roots”-process did only occur for majority members who perceived a high overlap of their subgroup and the superordinate group (Experiment 2). Underlying factors of this process and practical implications for multicultural contexts are discussed.

Bedrohung der Zugehörigkeit: Soziale Ausgrenzung in Organisationen - Selma Carolin Rudert; Rainer Greifeneder (Identität in der modernen Arbeitswelt - Neue Konzepte für Zusammenarbeit und Führung, 2018)

Between Active Seekers and Non-Users: Segments of Science-related Media Usage in Switzerland and Germany - Julia Metag; Michaela Maier; Tobias Füchslin; Laurits Bromme; Mike S. Schäfer (Environmental Communication, 2018)

Construction and elaboration of mental models through strategic conjoint processing of text and pictures. - Wolfgang Schnotz; Inga Wagner (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2018)
Conjoint processing of text and pictures is assumed to possess an inherent asymmetry, because text and pictures serve fundamentally different but complementary functions. Conjoint processing is assumed to start with general, coherence-oriented mental model construction. When certain tasks have to be solved, the mental model is adjusted to the task requirements by adaptive mental model elaboration. We hypothesized that, due to different constraints on cognitive processing, initial mental model construction is more text-driven than picture-driven, whereas adaptive mental model elaboration is more picture-driven than text-driven. We also hypothesized that there are more transitions between text and picture during initial model construction than during adaptive model elaboration and more task-picture transitions than task-text transitions during adaptive mental model elaboration. To test these hypotheses, we selected 6 text-picture units from textbooks on biology and geography, each combined with 3 comprehension items of different complexity. The units and corresponding items were presented to 204 students from Grades 5 to 8 from the higher tier and the lower tier of the German school system. The participants were required to answer the presented items 1 by 1. Their eye movements were analyzed in terms of fixations and transitions between texts, pictures, and items as dependent variables. The independent variables were school tier, grade, and order of presentation. The results confirmed our hypotheses. We presume that the benefits of learning from text and pictures are due to the inherent asymmetry, which allows the learner to combine the specific advantages of both forms of representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

Cortical plasticity as a basis of phantom limb pain: Fact or fiction? - J. Andoh; C. Milde; J.W. Tsao; H. Flor (Neuroscience, 2018)
Cortical reorganization has been proposed as a major factor involved in phantom pain with prior nociceptive input to the deafferented region and input from the non-deafferented cortex creating neuronal activity that is perceived as phantom pain. There is substantial evidence that these processes play a role in neuropathic pain, although causal evidence is lacking. Recently it has been suggested that a maintenance of the cortical representation of the former hand area is related to phantom pain. Although interesting, evidence for this process is so far scarce. In addition, peripheral factors have been proposed as important for phantom limb pain. Although often introduced as contradictory, we suggest that cortical reorganization, preserved limb function and peripheral factors interact to create the various painful and nonpainful aspects of the phantom limb experience. In addition, the type of task (sensory versus motor), the interaction of injury- and use-dependent plasticity, the type of data analysis, contextual factors such as the body representation and psychological variables determine the outcome and need to be considered in models of phantom limb pain. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the formation of the phantom pain experience.

Cybermobbing - Ines Vogel (Kommunikation in der Schule, 2018)

Daring dishonesty: On the role of sanctions for (un)ethical behavior - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2018)

Dark Pathways to Achievement in Science - Stefan Janke; Martin Daumiller; Selma Carolin Rudert (Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2018)
Questionable research practices (QRPs) are a strongly debated topic in the scientific community. Hypotheses about the relationship between individual differences and QRPs are plentiful but have rarely been empirically tested. Here, we investigate whether researchers’ personal motivation (expressed by achievement goals) is associated with self-reported engagement in QRPs within a sample of 217 psychology researchers. Appearance approach goals (striving for skill demonstration) positively predicted engagement in QRPs, while learning approach goals (striving for skill development) were a negative predictor. These effects remained stable when also considering Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy in a latent multiple regression model. Additional moderation analyses revealed that the more researchers favored publishing over scientific rigor, the stronger the association between appearance approach goals and engagement in QRPs. The findings deliver first insights into the nature of the relationship between personal motivation and scientific malpractice.

Die kleine Eule Luna und wie sie lernte, mit ihrer Trennungsangst umzugehen - Winona Michel; Hannah Buschkamp; Carlotta Drerup; Finnja Schramm; Hanna Christiansen; Klaus Lomnitzer; Tina In-Albon; Christina Schwenck; Guy Bodenmann (Hogrefe, 2018)

Does the distribution frequency matter? A subgroup specific analysis of the effectiveness of the EU School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme in Germany comparing twice and thrice weekly deliveries - Julia Haß; Tanja Lischetzke; Monika Hartmann (Public Health Nutrition, 2018)
The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of two different implementation forms of the EU School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme (SFVS). Design A quasi-experimental design was applied including a thrice as well as a twice weekly intervention group. Repeated 24 h dietary recalls were used to measure children’s fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. Effects were analysed on days with and without F&V deliveries using hierarchical linear regression models. Setting Twelve primary schools in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Subjects Third and fourth graders (n 664). Results Average daily F&V intake at pre-intervention was 0·84 frequencies in the thrice weekly intervention group, 0·90 frequencies in the twice weekly intervention group and 1·25 frequencies in the control group. Providing children thrice weekly with F&V increased children’s F&V intake on average by 0·96 (P<0·001) frequencies/d. The effects were higher on days with (1·07; P<0·001) than on days without (0·75; P<0·001) F&V deliveries. Distributing F&V twice weekly resulted in an increase of 0·75 (P<0·001) frequencies/d on average, again with higher effects on days with (1·30; P<0·001) than without (0·48; P<0·003) F&V deliveries. Subgroup analysis revealed some indications for differential effectiveness only in the twice weekly intervention group. Conclusions The SFVS with thrice or twice weekly deliveries of F&V led to a significant increase in children’s F&V intake on days with and without deliveries. The latter might provide an indication of positive long-term effects of the scheme. The scheme shows equal efficiency for almost all subgroups.

Effects of injustice in primary schools on students' behavior and joy of learning - Natali Ehrhardt-Madapathi; Johanna Pretsch; Manfred Schmitt (Social Psychology of Education, 2018)

Expectation-Focused Psychotherapy to Improve Clinical Outcomes - Bettina K. Doering; Julia A. Glombiewski; Winfried Rief (2018)

Exposure and CBT for Chronic Back Pain: An RCT on Differential Efficacy and Optimal Length of Treatment - Julia Anna Glombiewski; Sebastian Holzapfel; Jenny Riecke; Johan W. S. Vlaeyen; Jeroen de Jong; Gunnar Lemmer; Winfried Rief (JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2018)

Exposure therapy for chronic back pain - J. A. Glombiewski (SCHMERZ, 2018)

Flow, the mediating/missing link? A mediation analysis of interest, flow, and performance. - Marcela Pozas; Patrick Löffler; Wolfgang Schnotz; Alexander Kauertz (Wie Menschen wachsen. Positiv-Psychologische Entwicklung von Individuum, organisation und Gesellschaft, 2018)

Foreign language reduces the longevity of the repetition-based truth effect - Lena Nadarevic; Sarah Plier; Isabel Thielmann; Stefania Daranco (ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA, 2018)

Foreign-Looking Native-Accented People: More Competent When First Seen Rather Than Heard - Karolina Hansen; Tamara Rakić; Melanie C. Steffens (Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2018)

Gist Perception of Image Composition in Abstract Artworks - Kana Schwabe; Claudia Menzel; Caitlin Mullin; Johan Wagemans; Christoph Redies (i-Perception, 2018)
Most recent studies in experimental aesthetics have focused on the cognitive processing of visual artworks. In contrast, the perception of formal compositional features of artworks has been studied less extensively. Here, we investigated whether fast and automatic processing of artistic image composition can lead to a stable and consistent aesthetic evaluation when cognitive processing is minimized or absent. To this aim, we compared aesthetic ratings on abstract artworks and their shuffled counterparts in a gist experiment. Results show that exposure times as short as 50 ms suffice for the participants to reach a stable and consistent rating on how ordered and harmonious the abstract stimuli were. Moreover, the rating scores for the 50 ms exposure time exhibited similar dependencies on image type and self-similarity and a similar pattern of correlations between different rating terms, as the rating scores for the long exposure time (3,000 ms). Ratings were less consistent for the term interesting and inconsistent for the term pleasing. Our results are compatible with a model of aesthetic experience, in which the early perceptual processing of the formal aspects of visual artworks can lead to a consistent aesthetic judgment, even if there is no cognitive contribution to this judgment.

Group Membership, Group Change, and Intergroup Attitudes: A Recategorization Model Based on Cognitive Consistency Principles - Jenny Roth; Melanie C. Steffens; Vivian L. Vignoles (Frontiers in Psychology, 2018)

Gut im Studium - gut in der Schule? Zur Vorhersage der Unterrichtsqualität im Schulpraktikum durch Noten im bildungswissenschaftlichen Studium - A. Biermann; J. Karbach; F. M. Spinath; R. Brünken (Unterrichtswissenschaft, 2018)

How virtual nature experiences can promote pro-environmental behavior - Sina A. Klein; Benjamin E. Hilbig (Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2018)
Low rates of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in the population have been explained by the declining frequency of experiences in nature due to urbanization and digitalization. Previous research investigated whether increasing salience of nature through virtual nature experiences is suitable to foster PEB, however, the evidence is not fully conclusive. Therefore, we investigated the effects of virtually increased salience of different concepts on behavior in the Greater Good Game, a social dilemma paradigm measuring PEB independently from cooperation. Both Experiment 1 (N = 49) and Experiment 2 (N = 71) showed that increasing the salience of nature per se did not increase PEB. However, Experiment 2 showed that increased salience of the importance of PEB could increase PEB, though only at the cost of cooperation. In summary, virtual exposure to nature can increase PEB, but side effects on cooperation have to be considered.

Illegitimate tasks reach into afterwork hours: A multilevel study. - Sabine Sonnentag; Tanja Lischetzke (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2018)
This study examines illegitimate tasks as a specific type of job stressors. Illegitimate tasks comprise unreasonable and unnecessary tasks and refer to inappropriate task assignments that go beyond an employee’s role requirements. Building on the stressor-detachment model, we hypothesized that illegitimate tasks experienced during the day predict high negative affect and low self-esteem at the end of the workday, which in turn should predict poor psychological detachment from work during evening hours, resulting in sustained high levels of negative affect and low self-esteem at bedtime. Over the course of 1 workweek, 137 employees completed daily surveys at the end of the workday and at bedtime (total of 567 days). Multilevel path modeling revealed a distinct pattern of findings at the day and the person level. At the day level, unnecessary tasks predicted high negative affect and low self-esteem at the end of the workday, with low self-esteem predicting poor psychological detachment from work during afterwork hours. Poor psychological detachment predicted a further increase in negative affect and a decrease in self-esteem over evening hours. At the between-person level, unreasonable tasks were related to high negative affect and low self-esteem at the end of the workday, with negative affect being related to poor psychological detachment from work. Overall, the findings demonstrate that illegitimate tasks are associated with unfavorable states at the end of the workday and are indirectly related to poor psychological detachment from work, undermining recovery from the stressful events experienced at work

In Gedanken ein Fuchs : ein Buch für sozial ängstliche Kinder, die selber kleine Füchse sind - Joan Schaaf; Wiebke Andersen; Marie-Luise Salzmann; Meera Roth; Hanna Christiansen; Klaus Lomnitzer; Tina In-Albon; Christina Schwenck; Guy Bodenmann (Hogrefe, 2018)

Integrating situation-specific dysfunctional expectations and dispositional optimism into the cognitive model of depression - A path-analytic approach - Tobias Kube; Verena Helena Anna Siebers; Philipp Herzog; Julia Anna Glombiewski; Bettina Katharina Doering; Winfried Rief (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018)
Background Dysfunctional expectations are considered to be core features of mental disorders and, in particular, major depression. The aim of the present study was to integrate two important types of expectations into the cognitive model of depression: situation-specific dysfunctional expectations (SDE) and dispositional optimism (DO). It was hypothesized that the influence of both DO and intermediate beliefs (IB) on depressive symptoms would be mediated via SDE. Methods We examined 95 individuals (age M = 40.7, 68.1% female) with a diagnosed major depressive disorder from two inpatient clinics and one outpatient clinic. Measurements used in the study included the Depressive Expectations Scale, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Life Orientation Test Revised, and Beck's Depression Inventory-II. Relationships between the constructs were analyzed using path-analytic models with bias-corrected bootstrapping confidence intervals. Results Results indicate that the effect of IB on depressive symptoms was fully mediated via SDE, while the effect of DO on depressive symptoms was partly mediated via SDE. IB and DO moderately correlated with each other. Limitations Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, it is not possible to draw unambiguous conclusions regarding the causality of the suggested relationships. Conclusions The present study stresses the crucial role of dysfunctional expectations for major depression. Moreover, it reveals that SDEs as expectations with a high level of situational specificity may pose an important link between global cognitions and depressive symptoms. Given this situational specificity, SDEs are amenable to disconfirmation through behavioral experiments and may therefore be a promising target for cognitive-behavioral interventions.

Introducing an EXperimental Paradigm to investigate Expectation Change (EXPEC) - Tobias Kube; Winfried Rief; Mario Gollwitzer; Julia A. Glombiewski (Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2018)
Background and objectives Dysfunctional expectations are considered to be core features of various mental disorders. Clinical observations suggest that people suffering from mental disorders such as major depression tend to maintain dysfunctional expectations despite expectation-disconfirming evidence. Surprisingly, this clinically relevant phenomenon has not yet sufficiently been investigated in empirical studies. Therefore, we developed an experimental paradigm to investigate expectation change vs. maintenance, and the first step to test its validity is to apply it in healthy individuals. Methods After conducting two pilot studies (n = 28; n = 37), the present study systematically examined whether it is possible to change healthy individuals' (n = 102) task-specific and generalized performance expectations through expectation-disconfirming experiences. Using a standardized instruction, we initially induced non-positive expectations regarding participants' ability to successfully work on an unknown test. Then, participants received standardized performance feedback that either confirmed or disconfirmed their expectations before assessing participants' expectations again after completing the Test for the Measure of Emotional Intelligence. Results Results indicate that expectation-disconfirming feedback led to a significant change of both task-specific and generalized performance expectations. There was no expectation change in the expectation-confirming condition. Limitations As the present study examined expectation change among healthy individuals, the next step is to apply this paradigm in a clinical sample and to examine whether expectation change is less likely among people suffering from depression or other mental disorders characterized by dysfunctional expectations. Conclusions Focusing more rigorously on expectation maintenance among people with mental disorders could enable therapists to develop expectation-focused interventions aiming at enhancing expectation change.

Investigating the common set of acoustic parameters in sexual orientation groups: A voice averaging approach - Sven Kachel; André Radtke; Verena G. Skuk; Romi Zäske; Adrian P. Simpson; Melanie C. Steffens (Plos one, 2018)

Investigating the common set of acoustic parameters in sexual orientation groups: A voice averaging approach - Sven Kachel; Verena G. Skuk; Romi Zäske; Adrian P. Simpson; Melanie C. Steffens (PloS One, 2018)

Is he important to me? Source memory advantage for personally relevant cheaters. - Meike Kroneisen (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2018)

Is it all about the money? A re-analysis of the link between Honesty-Humility and Dictator Game giving - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY, 2018)

Kommunikation - Eine Einführung - Ines Vogel (Kommunikation in der Schule, 2018)

Kommunikation in der Schule - Ines C. Vogel (Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2018)
Kommunikation ist ein grundlegender Bestandteil jeder Lehr- und Erziehungstätigkeit: Im schulischen Alltag ist sie unverzichtbares Werkzeug bei der Unterrichtsgestaltung und der Vermittlung von Lerninhalten, aber auch beim Austausch mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Vorgesetzten, Eltern und Lernenden. Das Lehrbuch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick zum Thema „Kommunikation in der Schule“ und legt dabei den Fokus auf relevante Aspekte der direkten interpersonellen Kommunikation (z.B. nonverbale Kommunikation, Gruppenkommunikation) und der medienvermittelten Kommunikation (z.B. Lernmedien, virtuelle Lernszenarien). Zusätzlich nimmt es Themen wie Inklusion, Krisenkommunikation, interkulturelle Kommunikation und Mobbing in den Blick und bietet Handlungsempfehlungen für den schulischen Alltag.

Kommunikation und Gender - Ines Vogel (Kommunikation in der Schule, 2018)

Kommunikation ungesicherter wissenschaftlicher Evidenz - Herausforderungen für Wissenschaftler, Journalisten und Publikum - Michaela Maier; Lars Günther; Georg Ruhrmann; Berend Barkela; Jutta Milde (Unsicherheit als Herausforderung. Zur Forschungspraxis und ihrer Reflexion in Natur-, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, 2018)

Lead Us (Not) into Temptation: Testing the Motivational Mechanisms Linking Honesty-Humility to Cooperation - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Pascal J. Kieslich; Felix Henninger; Isabel Thielmann; Ingo Zettler (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, 2018)

Low-level image properties in facial expressions - Claudia Menzel; Christoph Redies; Gregor U. Hayn-Leichsenring (Acta Psychologica, 2018)
We studied low-level image properties of face photographs and analyzed whether they change with different emotional expressions displayed by an individual. Differences in image properties were measured in three databases that depicted a total of 167 individuals. Face images were used either in their original form, cut to a standard format or superimposed with a mask. Image properties analyzed were: brightness, redness, yellowness, contrast, spectral slope, overall power and relative power in low, medium and high spatial frequencies. Results showed that image properties differed significantly between expressions within each individual image set. Further, specific facial expressions corresponded to patterns of image properties that were consistent across all three databases. In order to experimentally validate our findings, we equalized the luminance histograms and spectral slopes of three images from a given individual who showed two expressions. Participants were significantly slower in matching the expression in an equalized compared to an original image triad. Thus, existing differences in these image properties (i.e., spectral slope, brightness or contrast) facilitate emotion detection in particular sets of face images.

Making sense of credibility in complex information environments: the role of message sidedness, information source, and thinking styles in credibility evaluation online - Andrew J. Flanagin; Stephan Winter; Miriam J. Metzger (Information, Communication & Society, 2018)

Medienkompetenz im schulischen Kontext - Roland Gimmler; Ulrike Six (Kommunikation in der Schule, 2018)

Nachhaltigkeit in primären und sekundären Bildungseinrichtungen - Natalie Ehrhardt-Madapathi; Carla Bohndick; Anne-Katrin Holfelder; Manfred Schmitt (Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit, 2018)

Non- und paraverbale Kommunikation - Ines Vogel; Uli Gleich (Kommunikation in der Schule, 2018)

One world in diversity: A socio-psychological intervention to foster international collective action intention - Nadine Knab; Melanie Steffens (Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2018)
Although effective interventions to increase international collective action for human rights are highly desirable, the validation of theory-based interventions and their transfer to this practical field is still scarce. We investigated whether collective action intention can be improved by using a diversity intervention technique rooted in social psychology. The intervention builds on the ingroup projection model, postulating that negative intergroup relations are based on the perception of ingroups as more typical of a common superordinate group than outgroups (i.e., relative prototypicality). Thereby, the (quasi-)experimental study tested the ingroup projection model’s theoretical assumptions in the context of Model United Nations (MUN) conferences. We hypothesized that the diversity intervention leads to a higher perceived diversity within the superordinate group (the United Nations, UN) as well as identification with the superordinate group (UN). Furthermore, we hypothesized an indirect effect of the intervention on collective action intention mediated by perception of diversity of, and identification with, the superordinate group. In comparison to the control group (n = 45), those participants who received the diversity workshop intervention (n = 55) perceived less relative prototypicality and more diversity of the UN. In addition, we provide evidence of a serial mediation: Compared to the control group, the diversity workshop group perceived the UN as relatively more diverse, facilitating identification with the UN. In turn, this was associated with a stronger intention to act collectively. This study shows the importance of including psychological theories in the field of international relations.

Opas Stern : ein Trost- und Erklärbuch für Kinder und ihre Eltern - Julia Weißflog; Stefan Ortmüller; Daniel Wende; Hanna Christiansen; Klaus Lomnitzer; Tina In-Albon; Christina Schwenck; Guy Bodenmann (Hogrefe, 2018)

Paul und der rote Luftballon : ein Buch für Kinder, die mutig werden und neue Freunde finden - Franziska Meister; Felix Hamacher; Stephan Weingarten; Hanna Christiansen; Klaus Lomnitzer; Tina In-Albon; Christina Schwenck; Guy Bodenmann (Hogrefe, 2018)

Perfectionistic Cognitions: Stability, Variability, and Changes Over Time - Elisabeth Prestele; Christine Altstötter-Gleich (Journal of Personality Assessment, 2018)

Remembering the place with the tiger: Survival processing can enhance source memory. - Meike Kroneisen; Raoul Bell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2018)

Representational Competence in Science Education: From Theory to Assessment. - Jochen Scheid; Andreas Müller; Rosa Hettmannsperger; Wolfgang Schnotz (Towards a Framework for Representational Competence in Science Education, 2018)

S.O.S. on my phone: An analysis of motives and incentives for participation in smartphone‐based volunteering - Aike C. Horstmann; Stephan Winter; Leonie Rösner; Nicole C. Krämer (Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2018)

Same-gender distractors are not so easy to reject: ERP evidence of gender categorization - Tamara Rakić; Melanie C. Steffens; Holger Wiese (Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2018)

Self-Reported Cognitive Failures in Everyday Life: A Closer Look at Their Relation to Personality and Cognitive Performance - Tanja Könen; Julia Karbach (Assessment, 2018)
A recent review concluded that the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire is the most widely used instrument to assess cognitive failures. Our aims were to place cognitive failures self-reported with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire into their nomological network by conceptually replicating known relations to the Big Five and by extending this knowledge through testing their relations with latent cognitive abilities (Study 1, N = 158, age 20-86 years) and theoretically relevant Big Five subfacets (Study 2, N = 176, age 19-39 years). Cognitive failures were unrelated to objective cognitive performance (processing speed, memory, and inhibition), but reliably related to the personality domains conscientiousness, neuroticism, and almost all their subfacets. Thus, self-reported cognitive failures do not qualify as a proxy for objective cognitive performance tasks. They are rather useful as illustration of behavioral manifestations related to personality domains.

Shared Entertainment, Shared Opinions: The Influence of Social TV Comments on the Evaluation of Talent Shows - Stephan Winter; Nicole C. Krämer; Brenda Benninghoff; Christine Gallus (Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2018)

Situational expectations mediate the effect of global beliefs on depressive symptoms - Tobias Kube; Julia Anna Glombiewski; Winfried Rief (Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2018)
Purpose of review Recent research suggests that expectations might be a particularly important subgroup of cognitions in major depression. The present study aimed to further specify the role of situation-specific dysfunctional expectations (SDEs) in the development of depressive symptoms. It was hypothesized that the effects of intermediate beliefs and dispositional optimism on depressive symptoms would be mediated via SDEs. Recent findings We examined 125 students (age M = 22.05, SD = 4.00, 74.6% women) using a longitudinal design with a 1-year follow-up. Questionnaires used in the study included the Depressive Expectations Scale, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Life Orientation Test and Beck's Depression Inventory. When considering SDEs at baseline as mediator variable, neither intermediate beliefs nor dispositional optimism had significant direct effects on depressive symptoms. Instead, their effects were fully mediated via SDEs. When considering SDEs at the follow-up as the mediator variable, SDEs partly mediated the effects of intermediate beliefs and dispositional optimism on depressive symptoms. Summary The study provides further evidence for a cognitive mediational model, suggesting that SDEs mediate the effects of rather global beliefs (such as intermediate beliefs and dispositional optimism) on depressive symptoms. Due to their high level of situational specificity, SDEs might be an effective target for cognitive-behavioural interventions.

Soziale Identität und nachhaltiges Verhalten - Gerhard Reese; Karen R. S. Hamann; Claudia Menzel; Stefan Drews; Claudia Thea Schmitt; Eva Bamberg (Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit: Konzeptionelle Grundlagen, Anwendungsbeispiele und Zukunftsperspektiven, 2018)
Nachhaltige Entwicklung ist per Definition eine Gruppenangelegenheit, da Nachhaltigkeit nur durch gemeinsame Anstrengungen erreicht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, welchen Einfluss soziale Identität - das „Wir“ in jeder und jedem von uns - auf nachhaltiges Verhalten hat. Konkret beschreiben die AutorInnen Grundlagen der Theorie der sozialen Identität und erläutern anhand dieser, inwiefern unsere Fähigkeit, uns in Gruppen zu organisieren, zu nachhaltigem Verhalten beitragen kann. Sie fokussieren dabei unter anderem darauf, wie wir als Gruppen wirksam agieren können und legen damit dar, wie soziale Gruppen als Vehikel für sozialen und ökologischen Wandel genutzt werden können.

Specialist Group of Environmental Psychology The Power lies in the Diversity! - Gerhard Reese; Sebastian Bamberg; Alexandra Kibbe; Florian G. Kaiser (PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU, 2018)

The blenderFace method: video-based measurement of raw movement data during facial expressions of emotion using open-source software - Axel Zinkernagel; Rainer W. Alexandrowicz; Tanja Lischetzke; Manfred Schmitt (Behavior Research Methods, 2018)
This article proposes an optical measurement of movement applied to data from video recordings of facial expressions of emotion. The approach offers a way to capture motion adapted from the film industry in which markers placed on the skin of the face can be tracked with a pattern-matching algorithm. The method records and postprocesses raw facial movement data (coordinates per frame) of distinctly placed markers and is intended for use in facial expression research (e.g., microexpressions) in laboratory settings. Due to the explicit use of specifically placed, artificial markers, the procedure offers the simultaneous measurement of several emotionally relevant markers in a (psychometrically) objective and artifact-free way, even for facial regions without natural landmarks (e.g., the cheeks). In addition, the proposed procedure is fully based on open-source software and is transparent at every step of data processing. Two worked examples demonstrate the practicability of the proposed procedure: In Study 1(N=39), the participants were instructed to show the emotions happiness, sadness, disgust, and anger, and in Study 2 (N=113), they were asked to present both a neutral face and the emotions happiness, disgust, and fear. Study 2 involved the simultaneous tracking of 14 markers for approximately 12 min per participant with a time resolution of 33 ms. The measured facial movements corresponded closely to the assumptions of established measurement instruments (EMFACS, FACSAID, Friesen & Ekman, 1983; Ekman & Hager, 2002). In addition, the measurement was found to be very precise with sub-second, sub-pixel, and sub-millimeter accuracy.

The brighter the light, the deeper the shadow: Morality also fuels aggression, conflict, and violence - Robert Boehm; Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 2018)

The Effect of Bilingual Congruence on the Persuasive Influence of Videos and Comments on YouTube - Joseph B. Walther; German Neubaum; Leonie Rösner; Stephan Winter; Nicole C. Krämer (Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2018)

The effects of verbal and spatial memory load on children's processing speed - Candice C. Morey; Lauren V. Hadley; Frances Buttelmann; Tanja Könen; Julie-Anne Meaney; Bonnie Auyeung; Julia Karbach; Nicolas Chevalier (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018)
Examining the impact of maintenance on processing speed allows us to test whether storage and processing resources are shared. Comparing these relationships in children of different ages allows further insight into whether one or multiple resources for these operations must be assumed and whether remembering is proactive throughout childhood. We tested 185 4‐ to 6‐ and 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children using adaptive complex span tasks, in which simple judgments were interleaved between to‐be‐remembered items. The adaptiveness of our tasks ensured that all participants frequently correctly recalled the items. If storage and processing require a single resource, and if participants serially reactivate the memoranda between processing episodes, processing response times should increase with serial position of the processing judgment within lists. We observed different within‐list dynamics for each age group. Older children's processing judgments slowed gradually when more than two memory items were maintained. By contrast, younger children showed no evidence of slower processing with increasing memory load. Our results support models of working memory that assume that some common resource is responsible for verbal and spatial storage and processing. They also support the notion that remembering becomes more proactive as children mature.

The impact of treatment delivery format on response to cognitive behaviour therapy for preadolescent children with anxiety disorders - Anna McKinnon; Robert Keers; Jonathan R.I. Coleman; Kathryn J. Lester; Susanna Roberts; Kristian Arendt; Susan M. Bögels; Peter Cooper; Cathy Creswell; Catharina A. Hartman; Krister W. Fjermestad; Tina In-Albon; et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2018)

The Justice Sensitivity Questionnaire: Validation in a Russian speaking sample - A. Adamyan; S. Nartova-Bochaver; M. Schmitt (Psychological Journal, 2018)

The Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (NIPS) Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence - Gabriela S. Blum; John F. Rauthmann; Richard Göllner; Tanja Lischetzke; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Personality, 2018)
Despite the broad consensus in psychology that human behaviour is influenced by the interaction between characteristics of the person and characteristics of the situation, not much is known about the precise shape of this person-situation (P × S) interaction. To address this issue, we introduce and test the nonlinear interaction of person and situation (NIPS) model. The NIPS model can be applied to explain contradictory research results, offers a more accurate prediction of behaviour, and can be applied to any trait. In three studies and with three different analytical approaches, we test the NIPS model and its implications. In the pre‐study, we test whether variability in participants' behaviour is smaller in extreme aggression‐provoking and jealousy‐inducing situations than in moderate situations, suggesting the effect of ‘strong’ situations at the extremes of the situation continuum. In Studies 1 and 2, we test the nonlinear relation between person and situation variables in predicting behaviour in within‐subject designs and provide support for the predictions of the NIPS model. Future lines of research with the NIPS model are discussed. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Think it through before making a choice? Processing mode does not influence social mindfulness - Dorothee Mischkowski; Isabel Thielmann; Andreas Gloeckner (JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2018)

Treatment processes during exposure and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic back pain: A single-case experimental design with multiple baselines - Lea Schemer; Johan W. S. Vlaeyen; Johanna M. Doerr; Nadine Skoluda; Urs M. Nater; Winfried Rief; Julia A. Glombiewski (BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY, 2018)

Überprüfung der Gütekriterien der deutschen Version der Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in einer klinischen und einer Schülerstichprobe Jugendlicher - Raphael Gutzweiler; Tina In-Albon (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2018)

Using different expectation mechanisms to optimize treatment of patients with medical conditions - A systematic review - Tobias Kube; Julia Anna Glombiewski; Winfried Rief (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2018)
Objective Patients' expectations have been shown to predict the course and treatment success of a variety of medical conditions. Therefore, expectation-focused psychological interventions (EFPIs) have been developed to use these expectation effects clinically. Importantly, EFPI differ with regard to the particular expectation mechanism being addressed, i.e., expectation optimization or expectation violation. The aims of this systematic review were to give an overview of the application of these expectation interventions and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods Several databases were searched to identify clinical trials or experimental studies that conducted EFPI among participants with various medical conditions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results Eleven studies (N = 944) investigating different medical conditions (coronary heart disease, cancer, chronic pain) were included. Qualitative synthesis revealed positive effects of EFPI on clinical outcome variables in all studies. Expectation optimization approaches yielded particularly promising results. Because of the large heterogeneity of outcome measures, quantitative synthesis was not possible. Conclusion This review highlights the potential of EFPI for optimizing treatment of patients with medical conditions. However, it seems that different expectation mechanisms might have different application possibilities. Therefore, we provide suggestions for further developing EFPI to tailor treatment and develop personalized psychological interventions. We argue that for this purpose, it is important to consider both disease-specific aspects and patients' personality traits. In addition, we discuss future challenges such as implementing EFPI into routine medical care.

Validation of new online game-based executive function tasks for children - Verena E. Johann; Julia Karbach (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2018)

Validation of new online game-based executive functions tasks for children - V. Johann; J. Karbach (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2018)

Visual mismatch negativity indicates automatic, task-independent detection of artistic image composition in abstract artworks - Claudia Menzel; Gyula Kovács; Catarina Amado; Gregor U. Hayn-Leichsenring; Christoph Redies (Biological Psychology, 2018)
In complex abstract art, image composition (i.e., the artist’s deliberate arrangement of pictorial elements) is an important aesthetic feature. We investigated whether the human brain detects image composition in abstract artworks automatically (i.e., independently of the experimental task). To this aim, we studied whether a group of 20 original artworks elicited a visual mismatch negativity when contrasted with a group of 20 images that were composed of the same pictorial elements as the originals, but in shuffled arrangements, which destroy artistic composition. We used a passive oddball paradigm with parallel electroencephalogram recordings to investigate the detection of image type-specific properties. We observed significant deviant-standard differences for the shuffled and original images, respectively. Furthermore, for both types of images, differences in amplitudes correlated with the behavioral ratings of the images. In conclusion, we show that the human brain can detect composition-related image properties in visual artworks in an automatic fashion.

When Do We Trust Online Reviews by Similar vs. Dissimilar Users? An Application of Construal Level Theory - Stephan Winter; Lena Schulte-Bockholt (Advances in Advertising Research IX: Power to consumers, 2018)

Who lies? A large-scale reanalysis linking basic personality traits to unethical decision making - Daniel W. Heck; Isabel Thielmann; Morten Moshagen; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING, 2018)

Who’s to blame? Dissimilarity as a cue in moral judgments of observed ostracism episodes. - Selma Carolin Rudert; Daniela Sutter; Veronique Charlotte Corrodi; Rainer Greifeneder (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2018)
When observing an ostracism episode, observers may wish to know whether ostracism is justified or not. If ostracism appears unjustified, observers will likely blame the sources and sympathize with the target; if it appears justified, observers will likely blame and devalue the target. Here we introduce the “social dissimilarity rule,” which holds that observers base their moral judgments on dissimilarities between the members of the observed group. In five studies, participants either recalled observed ostracism episodes or observed group interactions in which one group member was ostracized (e.g., in a chat or a group-working task). Results show that if similar persons exclude a dissimilar target (target is an “odd-one-out”), observers attribute ostracism to malicious motives of the ostracizers, such as ingroup favoritism, and devalue the ostracizers. However, if ostracism cannot be explained by social dissimilarity between the sources and the target, observers assume that the target is being punished for a norm deviation (punitive motive) and devalue the target. Use of the social dissimilarity rule was neither moderated by cognitive load (Study 3) nor by the perceived essentiality of the group distinction (Study 4). But if participants knew that the target previously deviated from a norm, knowledge about the situation had a stronger effect on moral judgments (Study 5) than social dissimilarity. These findings further our understanding of how observers make moral judgments about ostracism, which is important given that an observer’s moral judgment can strongly impact bystander behavior and thus target recovery and well-being.

Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist - Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization - Tobias Kube; Winfried Rief; Mario Gollwitzer; Thomas Gärtner; Julia Anna Glombiewski (Psychological Medicine, 2018)
Background Research has revealed that negative expectations impact depressive symptoms. However, research on the change of dysfunctional expectations in depression is lacking so far. Therefore, the present research aimed to fill this gap by testing the hypothesis that people with the major depressive disorder (MDD), contrary to healthy individuals, maintain their expectations despite experiences that positively disconfirm expectations. Further, it was hypothesized that cognitive immunization (a cognitive reappraisal of the disconfirming evidence) is a mechanism underlying the persistence of expectations. Method In Study 1, we compared individuals with MDD (N = 58) to healthy individuals (N = 59). Participants worked on the same performance test and received standardized feedback that either confirmed or disconfirmed their initial performance expectations. In Study 2, we investigated the effects of cognitive immunization on expectation change among 59 individuals reporting elevated levels of depression by varying the appraisal of expectation-disconfirming feedback. Results Results from Study 1 show that in the expectation-disconfirming condition, healthy individuals changed their expectations, whereas individuals with MDD did not. No such difference between the two groups was found for expectation-confirming feedback. Results from Study 2 indicated that varying cognitive immunization impacted expectation change, thus suggesting a crucial role of cognitive immunization in expectation change. Conclusions These two studies indicated that individuals suffering from depression have more difficulties in changing their expectations after disconfirming experiences than do healthy individuals, and cognitive immunization might be a core mechanism underlying expectation persistence. Therefore, psychotherapeutic interventions should aim to inhibit cognitive immunization processes to enhance expectation change.

Zappel-Zirkus Zacharias : ein Buch für zappelige Zirkuskinder mit ADHS, ihre Zirkusfamilien, Freunde und Zirkusdompteure - Friederike Zais; Charlotte Michalak; Maren Rumpf; Maylien Schulte; Hanna Christiansen; Klaus Lomnitzer; Tina In-Albon; Guy Bodenmann; Christina Schwenck (Hogrefe, 2018)

Broadcasting one world: How watching online videos can elicit elevation and reduce stereotypes - Nicole C. Krämer; Sabrina C. Eimler; German Neubaum; Stephan Winter; Leonie Rösner; Mary Beth Oliver (New Media & Society, 2017)

“It’s all about something we call Wasta”: A motivated moralization approach to favoritism in the Jordanian workplace - Kea Brahms; Manfred Schmitt (Social Justice Research, 2017)

A Continuous-Time Mixture Latent-State-Trait Markov Model for Experience Sampling Data - Claudia Crayen; Michael Eid; Tanja Lischetzke; Jeroen K. Vermunt (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2017)
In psychological research, statistical models of latent state-trait (LST) theory are popular for the analysis of longitudinal data. We identify several limitations of available models when applied to intensive longitudinal data with categorical observed and latent variables and inter- and intraindividually varying time intervals. As an extension of available LST models for categorical data, we describe a general mixed continuous-time LST model that is suitable for intensive longitudinal data with unobserved heterogeneity and individually varying time intervals. This model is illustrated by an application to momentary mood data that were collected in an experience sampling study (N = 164). In addition, the results of a simulation study are reported that was conducted to find out (a) the minimal data requirements with respect to sample size and number of occasions, and (b) how strong the bias is if the continuous-time structure is ignored. The empirical application revealed two classes for which the transition pattern and effects of time-varying covariates differ. In the simulation study, only small differences between the continuous-time model and its discrete-time counterpart emerged. Sample sizes N = 100 and larger in combination with six or more occasions of measurement tended to produce reliable estimation results. Implications of the models for future research are discussed.

Acceptance of a structured diagnostic interview in children, parents, and interviewers - Murielle Neuschwander; Tina In-Albon; Andrea H. Meyer; Silvia Schneider (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2017)
The objective of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and acceptance of a structured diagnostic interview in clinical practice and in a research setting. Using the Structured Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Kinder-DIPS), 28 certified interviewers conducted 202 interviews (115 with parents, 87 with children). After each interview, children, parents, and interviewers completed a questionnaire assessing the overall satisfaction (0 = not at all satisfied to 100 = totally satisfied) and acceptance (0 = completely disagree to 3 = completely agree) with the interview. Satisfaction ratings were highly positive, all means >82. The mean of the overall acceptance for children was 2.43 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.41), 2.54 (SD = 0.33) of the parents, 2.30 (SD = 0.43) of the children's interviewers, and 2.46 (SD = 0.32) of the parents' interviewers. Using separate univariate regression models, significant predictors for higher satisfaction and acceptance with the interview are higher children's Global Assessment of Functioning, fewer number of children's diagnoses, shorter duration of the interview, a research setting, female sex of the interviewer, and older age of the interviewer. Results indicate that structured diagnostic interviews are highly accepted by children, parents, and interviewers. Importantly, this is true for different treatment settings.

Accuracy of metacognitive judgments as a moderator of learner control effectiveness in problem-solving tasks - Loredana Mihalca; Christoph Mengelkamp; Wolfgang Schnotz (Metacognition and Learning, 2017)
A possible explanation for why students do not benefit from learner-controlled instruction is that they are not able to accurately monitor their own performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how the accuracy of metacognitive judgments made during training moderates the effect of learner control on performance when solving genetics tasks. Eighty-six undergraduate students solved self-selected genetics tasks using either a full learner control or a restricted learner control. Results indicated that learner control effectiveness was moderated by the absolute accuracy (i.e., absolute bias) of metacognitive judgments, and this accuracy was a better predictor of learning performance for full learner control than for restricted learner control. Furthermore, students’ prior knowledge predicted absolute accuracy of both ease-of-learning judgments (EOLs) and retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) during training, with higher prior knowledge resulting in a better absolute accuracy. Overall, monitoring guided control, that is, EOLs predicted time-on-task and invested mental effort regardless of the amount of learner control, whereas RCJs predicted the total training time, but not the number of tasks selected during training. These results suggest that monitoring accuracy plays an important role in effective regulation of learning from problem-solving tasks, and provide further evidence that metacognitive judgments affect study time allocation in problem solving context.

Acoustic correlates of sexual orientation and gender-role self concept in women's speech - Sven Kachel; Adrian P. Simpson; Melanie Caroline Steffens (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017)
Compared to studies of male speakers, relatively few studies have investigated acoustic correlates of sexual orientation in women. The present investigation focuses on shedding more light on intra-group variability in lesbians and straight women by using a fine-grained analysis of sexual orientation and collecting data on psychological characteristics (e.g., gender-role self-concept). For a large-scale women's sample (overall n = 108), recordings of spontaneous and read speech were analyzed for median fundamental frequency and acoustic vowel space features. Two studies showed no acoustic differences between lesbians and straight women, but there was evidence of acoustic differences within sexual orientation groups. Intra-group variability in median f0 was found to depend on the exclusivity of sexual orientation; F1 and F2 in /iː/ (study 1) and median f0 (study 2) were acoustic correlates of gender-role self-concept, at least for lesbians. Other psychological characteristics (e.g., sexual orientation of female friends) were also reflected in lesbians' speech. Findings suggest that acoustic features indexicalizing sexual orientation can only be successfully interpreted in combination with a fine-grained analysis of psychological characteristics.

Are placebo and drug-specific effects additive? Questioning basic assumptions of double-blinded randomized clinical trials and presenting novel study designs - Tobias Kube; Winfried Rief (Drug Discovery Today, 2017)
Double-blinded randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assume that pharmacological interventions have drug-specific and unspecific components. Traditional RCTs postulate an additivity of these two components. In this review, we provide evidence from both clinical trials and experimental studies that questions this ‘additive model’. Given that the evaluation of drug treatments in RCTs is based on the assumption of additivity, its violation has far-reaching consequences. Therefore, we discuss an interactive model that, in contrast to the additive model, considers interactions between placebo and drug-specific effects. Moreover, we discuss implications for future clinical trials and present novel study designs enabling researchers to consider the complex interplay of drug-specific and unspecific effects.

Attitude change when presenting science museum visitors with risk-beneﬁt information - Sielle Phelan; Inga Specht; Wolfgang Schnotz; Doris Lewalter (Science Education, 2017)
Visitors to modern science museums are likely to encounter exhibitions presenting conflicting information, such risks and benefits of new scientific developments. Such exhibitions encourage visitors to reflect upon different sides of a story and form or adjust their attitudes towards the topic on display. However, there is very little evidence of museum visits influencing visitors’ attitudes. Using a risk-benefit museum text, we set out to explore this blind spot of attitude change in a science museum, with written and auditory text as information conditions. The results show a small average change in visitors’ (N = 225) overall attitude and attitudinal certainty after information. Results found regarding differences between the two information conditions were not found when directly comparing the two conditions and are therefore inconclusive. Results further suggest differences in overall attitude between visitors with higher versus lower prior knowledge and higher prior attitudinal certainty. Finally, results indicate visitors who don’t change their attitudes show stronger initial attitudes than those who do in terms of higher attitudinal certainty and lower ambivalence before information. Overall, our findings suggest that risk-benefit information can influence different aspects of visitors’ attitudes and that even a single text can elicit a change.

Between me and we: The importance of self-profit versus social justifiability for ethical decision making - Sina A. Klein; Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Ingo Zettler (JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING, 2017)

Between me and we: The importance of self-profit versus social justifiability for ethical decision making. - Sina Klein; Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Ingo Zettler (Judgment and Decision Making, 2017)
Current theories of dishonest behavior suggest that both individual profits and the availability of justifications drive cheating. Although some evidence hints that cheating behavior is most prevalent when both self-profit and social justifications are present, the relative impact of each of these factors is insufficiently understood. This study provides a fine-grained analysis of the trade-off between self-profit versus social justifiability. In a non-student online sample, we assessed dishonest behavior in a coin-tossing task, involving six conditions which systematically varied both self-profit and social justifiability (in terms of social welfare), such that a decrease in the former was associated with the exact same increase in the latter. Results showed that self-profit outweighed social justifiability, but that there was also an effect of social justifications.

Beware of Selfies: The Impact of Photo Type on Impression Formation Based on Social Networking Profiles - Nicole C. Krämer; Markus Feurstein; Jan P. Kluck; Yannic Meier; Marius Rother; Stephan Winter (Frontiers in Psychology, 2017)

Biofeedback as a psychological treatment option for chronic back pain - Robert Sielski; Julia Anna Glombiewski (PAIN MANAGEMENT, 2017)

Cognitive function surrounding resection of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension: A prospective matched-control study. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. - Philipp Hendrix; Christoph Griessenauer; Elisa Hans; A. Simgen; A. Oertel; Julia Karbach (Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2017)
Objective Patients suffering from pituitary adenomas may experience cognitive dysfunctions due to hormonal imbalance or suprasellar tumor extension displacing neural structures. Progressively enlarging or symptomatic nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension are frequently resected. The literature on neurocognitive performance surrounding resection of these lesions is sparse. Methods A prospective matched-control study was conducted to investigate the impact of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension on preoperative and postoperative cognitive performance. Controls were matched for age, sex, handedness, education, and profession. The neurocognitive test battery included perceptual speed, executive function, visual-spatial and verbal working memory, short- and long-term memory, verbal fluency, fluid intelligence, anxiety, and depression. Results Ten patients and 10 healthy controls were matched. Median suprasellar tumor extension scored 8 mm, compression of frontal lobe parenchyma was present in all cases. Median sagittal tumor diameter was 21 mm. Preoperatively, patients scored worse in perceptual speed and short-term memory tasks. All patients underwent surgical resection either through a transnasal, transsphenoidal approach or a supraorbital frontolateral keyhole approach. The short-term memory deficit disappeared one week after surgery. Perceptual speed recovered within two months after surgical therapy. None of the patients experienced worsening of cognitive function. Routine postoperative imaging at six months did not reveal displacement of neural structures or surgery-related complications in any of the patients. Conclusion Patients suffering from nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension may experience preoperative impairments in some neurocognitive domains that resolve within two months after surgery. The risk for cognitive deterioration with surgery appears to be low.

Competent and Warm? How Mismatching Appearance and Accent Influence First Impressions - Karolina Hansen; Tamara Rakić; Melanie C. Steffens (Experimental Psychology, 2017)
Most research on ethnicity has focused on visual cues. However, accents are strong social cues that can match or contradict visual cues. We examined understudied reactions to people whose one cue suggests one ethnicity, whereas the other cue contradicts it. In an experiment conducted in Germany, job candidates spoke with an accent either congruent or incongruent with their (German or Turkish) appearance. Based on ethnolinguistic identity theory, we predicted that accents would be strong cues for categorization and evaluation. Based on expectancy violations theory we expected that incongruent targets would be evaluated more extremely than congruent targets. Both predictions were confirmed: accents strongly influenced perceptions and Turkish-looking German-accented targets were perceived as most competent of all targets (and additionally most warm). The findings show that bringing together visual and auditory information yields a more complete picture of the processes underlying impression formation.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the German Pain Solutions Questionnaire: an instrument to measure assimilative and accommodative coping in response to chronic pain - Robert Sielski; Julia Anna Glombiewski; Winfried Rief; Geert Crombez; Antonia Barke (JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH, 2017)

Das Forschungsfeld Wissenschaftskommunikation. Erster systematischer Überblick über ein wachsendes Forschungsfeld. - Bonfadelli Heinz; Fähnrich Birte; Lüthje Corinna; Milde Jutta; Rhomberg Markus; Schäfer Mike Steffen (Forschungsfeld Wissenschaftskommunikation, 2017)
Wissenschaftskommunikation ist zentral für moderne Wissensgesellschaften - und in den vergangenen Jahren immer vielfältiger geworden. Sie findet in der Wissenschaft auf Konferenzen oder in Fachpublikationen statt, in der Politik- und Unternehmensberatung, in Kampagnen, in Massenmedien und in Social Media. Die Kommunikationswissenschaft und andere Sozialwissenschaften haben sich in den letzten Jahren verstärkt mit dem Thema Wissenschaftskommunikation befasst. Der Band kartiert dieses Forschungsfeld, identifiziert zentrale Themen, theoretische Perspektiven und Fragestellungen und stellt den Wissensstand überblickshaft dar.