Don’t Keep It (Too) Simple: How Textual Representations of Scientific Uncertainty Affect Laypersons’ Attitudes - Stephan Winter; Nicole C. Krämer; Leonie Rösner; German Neubaum (Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2015)

Effects of lateral head tilt on user perceptions of humanoid and android robots - Martina Mara; Markus Appel (COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR, 2015)
Human responses to android and humanoid robots have become an important topic to social scientists due to the increasing prevalence of social and service robots in everyday life. The present research connects work on the effects of lateral (sideward) head tilts, an eminent feature of nonverbal human behavior, to the experience of android and humanoid robots. In two experiments (N= 402; N= 253) the influence of lateral head tilts on user perceptions of android and humanoid robots were examined. Photo portrayals of three different robots (Asimo, Kojiro, Telenoid) were manipulated. The stimuli included head tilts of -20 degrees, -10 degrees (left tilt), +10 degrees, +20 degrees (right tilt) and 0 degrees (upright position). Compared to an upright head posture, we found higher scores for attributed human likeness, cuteness, and spine-tinglingness when the identical robots conveyed a head tilt. Results for perceived warmth, eeriness, attractiveness, and dominance varied with the robot or head tilts yielded no effects. Implications for the development and marketing of android and humanoid robots are discussed. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Emotionsregulation bei Jugendlichen mit Nichtsuizidalen Selbstverletzungen - Tina In-Albon; Taru Tschan; Daniela Schwarz; Marc Schmid (Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 2015)

Entwicklung der Reflexion von Sachunterricht in der zweiten Phase der Lehrerausbildung - Gerlinde Lenske; Anna Windt (Probleme und Perspektiven des Sachunterrichts - Bildung im Sachunterricht, 2015)

Expectancies as core features of mental disorders - Winfried Rief; Julia A. Glombiewski; Mario Gollwitzer; Anna Schubo; Rainer Schwarting; Anna Thorwart (CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY, 2015)

Expectancy effects in source memory: how moving to a bad neighborhood can change your memory - Meike Kroneisen; Larissa Woehe; Leonie Sophie Rausch (PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 2015)
Enhanced memory for cheaters could be suited to avoid social exchange situations in which we run the risk of getting exploited by others. Several experiments demonstrated that we have better source memory for faces combined with negative rather than positive behavior (Bell & Buchner, Memory & Cognition, 38, 29-41, 2010) or for cheaters and cooperators showing unexpected behavior (Bell, Buchner, Kroneisen, Giang, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1512-1529, 2012). In the present study, we compared two groups: Group 1 just saw faces combined with aggressive, prosocial or neutral behavior descriptions, but got no further information, whereas group 2 was explicitly told that they would now see the behavior descriptions of very aggressive and unsocial persons. To measure old-new discrimination, source memory, and guessing biases separately, we used a multinomial model. When having no expectancies about the behavior of the presented people, enhanced source memory for aggressive persons was found. In comparison, source memory for faces combined with prosocial behavior descriptions was significantly higher in the group expecting only aggressive persons. These findings can be attributed to a mechanism that focuses on expectancy-incongruent information, representing a more flexible and therefore efficient memory strategy for remembering exchange-relevant information.

Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury - Tina In-Albon; Claudia Ruf; Marc Schmid (Psychiatry Research, 2015)

Fear and Cardiophobia in Patients with Heart Failure before ICD-Implantation: Same same or different? - M. Bunz; D. Lenski; S. Wedegaertner; J. Karbach; M. Boehm; I. Kindermann (INTERNIST, 2015)

Feeling Global, Acting Ethically: Global Identification and Fairtrade Consumption - Gerhard Reese; Fabienne Kohlmann (The Journal of Social Psychology, 2015)
Global identification has become a popular construct in recent psychological debate as it relates to harmonious intergroup relations and a caring for all humanity. Based on social identity theorizing, the current research tests whether global identification can also predict consumer choices, at the expense of lower personal benefit. Importantly, we assumed that concerns about global injustice represent a crucial component of that relation. We predicted that participants who identified strongly with all humanity would rather choose a Fairtrade product alternative over a conventional one, compared with low identifiers. In addition, we assumed that this effect be mediated by perceived global injustice. Both predictions were confirmed in a consumer choice study (N = 68). Overall, global identification and globally relevant consumer behavior seem meaningfully interconnected, and we discuss these findings with regard to recent theoretical developments in Fairtrade consumption research.

Forschungsmethoden im Wandel der Zeit - Anna Baumert; Tobias Rothmund; Manfred Schmitt; Felix Hampe; Anna Halmburger (Uniprisma spezial, 2015)

Frames of scientific evidence: How journalists represent the (un)certainty of molecular medicine in science television programs - Georg Ruhrmann; Lars Guenther; Sabrina Heike Kessler; Jutta Milde (Public Understanding of Science, 2015)
For laypeople, media coverage of science on television is a gateway to scientific issues. Defining scientific evidence is central to the field of science, but there are still questions if news coverage of science represents scientific research findings as certain or uncertain. The framing approach is a suitable framework to classify different media representations; it is applied here to investigate the frames of scientific evidence in film clips (n = 207) taken from science television programs. Molecular medicine is the domain of interest for this analysis, due to its high proportion of uncertain and conflicting research findings and risks. The results indicate that television clips vary in their coverage of scientific evidence of molecular medicine. Four frames were found: Scientific Uncertainty and Controversy, Scientifically Certain Data, Everyday Medical Risks, and Conflicting Scientific Evidence. They differ in their way of framing scientific evidence and risks of molecular medicine.

From basic personality to motivation: Relating the HEXACO factors to achievement goals - Felix C. Dinger; Oliver Dickhäuser; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Elena Müller; Ricarda Steinmayr; Linda Wirthwein (Learning and Individual Differences, 2015)

From Honesty-Humility to fair behavior - Benevolence or a (blind) fairness norm? - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Isabel Thielmann; Johanna Wührl; Ingo Zettler (Personality and Individual Differences, 2015)

From personality to altruistic behavior (and back): Evidence from a double-blind dictator game - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Isabel Thielmann; Johanna Hepp; Sina A. Klein; Ingo Zettler (Journal of Research in Personality, 2015)

Game Studies und Medienpsychologie - Leonard Reinecke; Sina A. Klein (Game studies : aktuelle Ansätze der Computerspielforschung, 2015)

Gender at work: A social psychological perspective - Melanie Caroline Steffens; Maia A. Viladot (Peter Lang, 2015)
While many women receive equal education, such equality is nowhere in sight when it comes to women's and men's career success: men still earn significantly more than women and are more likely to be promoted. In this book, the authors offer a state of the art review of applied social-psychological research on gender at work, shedding light on all the different ways that work-related perceptions, attributions, outcomes, and the like differ for women and men. Focusing on domains (e.g., engineering) and positions (e.g., leadership) that are marked by women's underrepresentation, the first part of the book looks at gender at work in terms of stereotypes, attitudes, and social roles, including parenthood, while the second part takes a social identity and communication perspective, exploring the situations in which men and women interact at work. Many chapters focus on applied questions, such as career choice, effects of role models, and sexual harassment at work. Theories and findings are applied to these topics, with conclusions and recommendations drawn throughout the book.

Generalized outcome-based strategy classification: Comparing deterministic and probabilistic choice models (vol 21, pg 1431, 2014) - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Morten Moshagen (PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 2015)

Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauen von Online-News: Ein kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Überblick - Ines C. Vogel; Jutta Milde; Karin Stengel; Steffen Staab; Christoph Carl Kling; Jérôme Kunegis (Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, 2015)
Die Erforschung von Vertrauen und Glaubwürdigkeit spielt in den Kommunikations-wissenschaften eine bedeutsame Rolle für die Beschreibung, Erklärung und Vorhersage von Mediennutzungsprozessen und -mustern und daraus resultierenden Wirkungen. Im Fokus hinsichtlich der Rezeption von Nachrichten stehen dabei bislang vor allem Nachrichten in Printmedien und Fernsehen, nicht aber elektronische Medien. Der Beitrag geht auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der Rezeption von Nachrichten und politischen Informationen aus dem Internet und der Bedeutung des Vertrauens in diese bzw. deren Glaubwürdigkeit ein.

Globalisation and global concern: Developing a social psychology of human responses to global challenges - Gerhard Reese; Amir Rosenmann; Craig McGarty (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2015)
The process of globalisation has gained tremendous momentum over recent decades, resulting in unprecedented human interconnectedness and awareness of global concerns. The current special issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology brings together 10 papers that address this development. This special issue showcases different perspectives on the psychological processes that underlie the cognitive and behavioural responses to the global challenges humankind has created and is now facing. In introducing these contributions, we identified three emerging topics for social psychological theorising and application vis-à-vis globalisation and global concerns: (i) supranational identification and attachment, (ii) political and ideological responses to globalisation and global concerns, and (iii) global protest and change. We integrate these topics by highlighting some future prospects of this emerging field of research and its significance for understanding social change in these tumultuous times.

Highway to hell - Expositionstherapie bei Autofahrphobie: Ein Fallbericht - Susanne Horn; Jens Heider; A. Seibert-Schleich; Annette Schröder (Verhaltenstherapie & Verhaltensmedizin, 2015)

Homosexualität zwischen Akzeptanz und Diskriminierung: Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektive - Melanie Caroline Steffens; Claudia Niedlich („Wer bin ich, ihn zu verurteilen?“ Homosexualität und katholische Kirche, 2015)

Honesty and Humility - Ingo Zettler; Benjamin E. Hilbig (International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2015)

How “social” is Social TV? The influence of social motives and expected outcomes on the usage of Social TV applications - Nicole C. Krämer; Stephan Winter; Brenda Benninghoff; Christine Gallus (Computers in Human Behavior, 2015)

Identification With All Humanity: The role of self-definition and self-investment - Gerhard Reese; Jutta Proch; Christine Finn (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2015)
Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) relates to higher levels of concern and supportive behavior toward the disadvantaged, stronger endorsement of human rights, and stronger responses in favor of global harmony. So far, IWAH has been conceptualized as a one-dimensional construct describing the degree with which one identifies with all humans as a superordinate ingroup. However, recent group identification models suggest a multi-dimensional model to provide a more differentiated approach toward the understanding of the highest level of social identification. Using principal axis (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) factor analyses, we suggest that IWAH sub-divides into two dimensionsglobal self-definition and global self-investment. Study 2 revealed that global self-investment was a stronger predictor for both convergent measures (e.g., social dominance orientation and authoritarianism) and behavioral intentions than global self-definition. Finally, in Study 3, we manipulated IWAH to test its causal effect on donation behavior. Participants in the experimental condition, compared with the control condition, showed higher global self-investment, which in turn predicted greater giving to global charity. These findings suggest that two dimensions with different behavioral outcomes underlie IWAH.

Illusion-related brain activations: A new virtual reality mirror box system for use during functional magnetic resonance imaging - Martin Diers; Sandra Kamping; Pinar Kirsch; Mariela Rance; Robin Bekrater-Bodmann; Jens Foell; Joerg Trojan; Xaver Fuchs; Felix Bach; Heiko Maass; Hueseyin Cakmak; Herta Flor (BRAIN RESEARCH, 2015)
Extended viewing of movements of one's intact limb in a minor as well as motor imagery have been shown to decrease pain in persons with phantom limb pain or complex regional pain syndrome and to increase the movement ability in hemiparesis following stroke. In addition, mirrored movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain. However, using a so-called minor box has technical limitations, some of which can be overcome by virtual reality applications. We developed a virtual reality mirror box application and evaluated its comparability to a classical minor box setup. We applied both paradigms to 20 healthy controls and analyzed vividness and authenticity of the illusion as well as brain activation patterns. In both conditions, subjects reported similar intensities for the sensation that movements of the virtual left hand felt as if they were executed by their own left hand. We found activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the actual movement, with stronger activation for the virtual reality 'mirror box' compared to the classical minor box condition, as well as activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the mirrored/virtual movement. We conclude that a virtual reality application of the minor box is viable and that it might be useful for future research. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Image- or Issue-Orientation? How the Presentation Modality Influences the Perception of Candidates in Televiesed Debates. - Lukas Otto; Michaela Maier; Isabella Glogger (Politische Psychologie, 2015)
Bereits seit der ersten TV-Debatte in den USA zwischen John F. Kennedy und Richard Nixon beschäftigt die Debattenforschung die Frage, welcher Kandidat als "Sieger" einer Debatte wahrgenommen wird und wie Rezipienten zu einem Urteil über den Debattensieger kommen (Benoit, Hansen & Verser, 2003; Maier & Faas, 2011). Im Nachgang dieses ersten TV-Duells entwickelte sich der Mythos in Medienberichterstattung und Forschung, dass der junge, attraktive Kennedy die Fernsehzuschauer auf Grund seiner Ausstrahlung und seines Charmes überzeugt hätte, während Radiohörer dieses Duells eher auf die Argumente der Kandidaten geachtet und Nixon als Sieger der Duells wahrgenommen hätten. Obwohl dieser Befund empirisch kaum zu belegen ist, beschäftigt die Frage nach dem Einfluss von Modalitäten bei TV-Debatten die empirische Debattenforschung (Reinemann, 2007). Um dieser Frage im Kontext des deutschen Wahlkampfs nachzugehen, wurde zum TV-Duell der Bundestagswahl 2013 ein Live-Experiment durchgeführt. Dabei wurde in zwei Experimentalgruppen die Modalität des Duells (Audiovideo vs. Audio) bei der Rezeption variiert. Basierend auf Forschung zu Modalitäteneffekten und dem Elaboration-Likelihood-Modell (ELM), gehen wir davon aus, dass in der audiovisuellen Experimentalbedingung die wahrgenommenen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften bzw. das Image des Kandidaten die wichtigste Rolle für das Urteil über die Debattenleistung spielen, während in der Audio-Bedingung vor allem die Issue-Übereinstimmung von Bedeutung ist (H1). Des Weiteren wird angenommen, dass bei der Rezeption der Audiovideo-Version des Duells rollenferne Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (Integrität, Sympathie, Ausstrahlung) von Bedeutung für die Evaluation der Debattenleistung sind, während in der Audio-Bedingung rollennahe Eigenschaften (Kompetenz, Führungsstärke) wichtiger sind (H2). Der Zusammenhang zwischen Modalität und Evaluationskriterien (Image vs. Issues) auf der einen Seite sowie die Beziehung zwischen diesen Kriterien und der Bewertung der Debattenleistung - so eine weitere Annahme - wird durch das politische Interesse moderiert (H3a und H3b). Die vorliegende Studie wurde mit 117 Teilnehmern während des TV-Duells 2013 zwischen Angela Merkel und Peer Steinbrück durchgeführt. Während 78 Teilnehmer der Studie das Duell als audiovisuelle Version (d.h. in Form der Fernsehübertragung) verfolgten, hörten 39 Teilnehmer das Duell als Audioversion (d.h. in Form der Radioübertragung). Nach dem Duell wurden die zentralen abhängigen Variablen wahrgenommenen Image-Dimensionen der Kandidaten (Kompetenz, Führungsstärke, Integrität, unpolitische Eigenschaften), die Issue-Übereinstimmung mit beiden Kandidaten und die wahrgenommene Debattenleistung erhoben. Das allgemeine politische Interesse der Teilnehmer wurde vor dem Duell erfasst. Wie in Hypothese H1 angenommen zeigt der Vergleich der Regressionsgewichte als Prädiktoren der Debattenleistung einen signifikanten Einfluss der Image-Dimensionen in der Audiovideo-Gruppe, während in der Audiogruppe die Übereinstimmung mit den im Duell diskutierten Positionen eine größere Rolle spielt. Hypothese H2 besagt, dass unpolitische Eigenschaften der Kandidaten wie z.B. Integrität, Ausstrahlung und Sympathie in der Audiovideo-Bedingung eine größere Rolle spielen, während die Teilnehmer in der Audio-Bedingung ihr Urteil über die Debattenleistung eher auf politische Eigenschaften wie die Einschätzung der Kompetenz des Kandidaten stützen. Auch diese Hypothese konnte durch signifikante Regressionsgewichte der eher unpolitischen Eigenschaften in der Audiovideo-Bedingung sowie ein signifikantes Regressionsgewicht der Eigenschaft Kompetenz für die Debattenleistung in der Audiogruppe bestätigt werden. Schließlich konnten wir innerhalb eines moderierten Mediationsmodells feststellen, dass politisches Interesse die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Modalität und den Bewertungskriterien auf zweierlei Arten beeinflusst: Zunächst besteht lediglich für politisch weniger interessierte Versuchspersonen ein Unterschied in den Bewertungskriterien (Image vs. Issues), der auf die Modalität zurückzuführen ist. Außerdem basiert die Entscheidung darüber, wer in der Debatte gut abgeschnitten hat, bei politisch interessierten Personen eher auf der Übereinstimmung mit den Issue-Positionen der Kandidaten als auf den Eigenschaften. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die Annahmen aus früheren Studien zum Einfluss der Modalität auf Bewertungskriterien der TV-Debatte bestätigt werden konnten. Es ist jedoch ebenfalls wichtig festzuhalten, dass diese Effekte nicht gleichförmig für alle Rezipienten des Duells zutreffen, sondern Personenvariablen wie politisches Interesse eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verarbeitung dieses Wahlkampfformats spielen

Injustice in School and Students’ Emotions, Well-Being, and Behavior: A Longitudinal study - Johanna Pretsch; Natalie Ehrhardt; Lisa Engl; Björn Risch; Jürgen Roth; Stefan Schumacher; Manfred Schmitt (Soc Just Res, 2015)
School can be regarded as an important factor in the development of children’s values and attitudes. Given this great importance of justice experiences for students’ development, this study aimed at examining the influence of perceived injustice in school on students’ emotions, well-being, and behavior with an experimental longitudinal design. In total, 196 students participated in this study and came to the university with their classes to receive extra teaching once a week for six consecutive weeks. To manipulate justice perceptions, a scenario of arbitrary privilege was chosen to lead students of the experimental group to experience injustice from a beneficiary perspective. We found that students in the experimental group reported higher well-being and a higher appreciation of the opportunity to learn than the control group did. Additionally, they showed an increase in justice-related negative emotions over time; that is, they expressed more of a bad conscience and stronger feelings of anger the more they became aware of their privilege. This study shows that even subtle experiences of injustice in school can have an impact on students’ outcomes. These results are discussed with regard to practical implications.

Integrating Volunteers into Rescue Processes: analysis of user requirements and mobile app conception - Henrik Detjen; Stefan Hoffmann; Leonie Rösner; Stephan Winter; Stefan Geisler; Nicole Krämer; Gerd Bumiller (International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, 2015)

Investigating effects of the quality of field experiences and personality on perceived teaching skills in German pre-service teachers for secondary schools - Antje Biermann; Julia Karbach; Frank M. Spinath; Roland Bruenken (TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION, 2015)
Quality of field experiences during teacher education as well as individual characteristics of student teachers are considered important for the development of teaching skills. In the present study we investigated both organizational and individual predictors of self-rated teaching skills in student teachers for secondary schools in Germany (N = 443). As predictor variables for teaching skills after a field experience we assessed the perceived quality of the internship as well as personality traits, as control variables prior educational experiences and academic abilities. The assessed quality feature "linking theory and practice" explained more variance in the prediction of teaching skills than personality traits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Judging competing theoretical accounts by their empirical content and parsimony: REply to Myrseth and Wollbrant - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Pascal J. Kieslich (Judgment and decision making, 2015)

Koordination der Forschung an Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie: Status quo und Agenda - Jürgen Hoyer; Julia Velten; Cord Benecke; Matthias Berking; Nina Heinrichs; Tina In-Albon; Tania Lincoln; Wolfgang Lutz; Angelika Schlarb; Henning Schöttke; Ulrike Willutzki; Jürgen Margraf (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2015)

Langzeitverlauf nach störungsorientierten Kurzgruppeninterventionen bei somatoformen Störungen mit multiplen Körperbeschwerden: Eine 3-Jahres-Katamnese. - Katharina Neumann; Jens Heider; Alexandra Zaby; Annette Schröder (Psychotherapie - Psychosomatik - Medizinische Psychologie, 2015)

Learning strategies and general cognitive ability as predictors of gender- specific academic achievement - Stephanie Ruffing; F. -Sophie Wach; Frank M. Spinath; Roland Bruenken; Julia Karbach (FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2015)
Recent research has revealed that learning behavior is associated with academic achievement at the college level, but the impact of specific learning strategies on academic success as well as gender differences therein are still not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the incremental contribution of learning strategies over general cognitive ability in the prediction of academic achievement. The relationship between these variables was examined by correlation analyses. A set of t-tests was used to test for gender differences in learning strategies, whereas structural equation modeling as well as multi-group analyses were applied to investigate the incremental contribution of learning strategies for male and female students' academic performance. The sample consisted of 461 students (mean age = 21.2 years, SD = 3.2). Correlation analyses revealed that general cognitive ability as well as the learning strategies effort, attention, and learning environment were positively correlated with academic achievement. Gender differences were found in the reported application of many learning strategies. Importantly, the prediction of achievement in structural equation modeling revealed that only effort explained incremental variance (10%) over general cognitive ability. Results of multi-group analyses showed no gender differences in this prediction model. This finding provides further knowledge regarding gender differences in learning research and the specific role of learning strategies for academic achievement. The incremental assessment of learning strategy use as well as gender-differences in their predictive value contributes to the understanding and improvement of successful academic development.

Lernwirksamkeit des Lehrerhandelns - Forschungsergebnisse und Diagnostik - Gerlinde Lenske; Andreas Helmke (Jahrbuch Schulleitung 2015, 2015)

Living in a digital World: Scientific Findings and problematic False Conclusions Opinion on the Response from Spitzer (in this issue) - Markus Appel; Constanze Schreiner (PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU, 2015)

Male role endorsement explains negative attitudes towards lesbians and gay men among students in Mexico more than in Germany - Melanie Caroline Steffens; Kai J. Jonas; Lisa Denger (Journal of Sex Research, 2015)
Anti-gay attitudes vary across cultures because the larger social context plays a role in attitude formation. Psychological correlates of these attitudes have been investigated in the United States and Europe. Endorsement of traditional gender roles has emerged from that research as a central correlate, next to religiosity and personal contact with lesbians/gay men. In a cross-sectional study, we tested whether these correlates are relevant in Mexico, characterized as an androcentric culture in which both gender-role traditionalism and religiosity are high, using a college-age student sample (N = 63). Because we relied on self-reports, the motivation to appear nonprejudiced was also assessed. We found typical gender differences in attitudes toward gay men. In bivariate tests, anti-gay attitudes were related to male role endorsement, contact with lesbians/gay men, and religiosity. In a multivariate analysis, variance in attitudes was explained by male role endorsement; personal contact or religiosity did not explain additional variance. In a German comparison sample (N = 112), male role endorsement played a smaller role. Variance in anti-gay attitudes in the German sample was also related to personal contact, religiosity, and the motivation to appear nonprejudiced. We discuss the centrality of (male) gender-role endorsement in cultures with high gender-role traditionalism.

Measuring citizens' implicit and explicit attitudes towards the European Union - M. Maier; J. Maier; A. Baumert; N. Jahn; S. Krause; S. Adam (European Union Politics, 2015)
Studies assessing citizens’ attitudes towards Europe have mostly used explicit concepts and measures. However, psychologists have shown that human behaviour is not only determined by explicit attitudes which can be assessed via self-report, but also by implicit attitudes which require indirect measurement. We combine a self-report questionnaire with an implicit Affective Misattribution Procedure for the first time in an online environment to estimate the reliability, validity and predictive power of this implicit measure for the explanation of European Union-skeptical behaviour. Based on a survey with a sample representative for Germany, we found evidence for good reliability and validity of the implicit measure. In addition, the implicit attitude had a significant incremental impact beyond explicit attitudes on citizens’ proneness to engage in EU-skeptical information and voting behaviour.

Measuring Job and Academic Burnout with the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI): Factorial Invariance across Samples and Countries - Dorota Reis; Despoina Xanthopoulou; Ioannis Tsaousis (Burnout Research, 2015)

Measuring the perceived uncertainty of scientific evidence and its relationship to engagement with science - J. Retzbach; L. Otto; M. Maier (Public Understanding of Science, 2015)

Memory for five novel naturalistic activities: No memory recall advantages of enactment over observation or pictorial learning - Rul von Stülpnagel; Janette C. Schult; Melanie Caroline Steffens (Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 2015)
“Learning by doing” promises to lead to more efficient acquisition than other learning strategies. Indeed, much research has established that enactment leads to better recognition and recall of simple verb-object phrases (e.g., “light the match”, “touch your nose”) than intentional learning without enactment. Only few studies have compared the acquisition of novel naturalistic activities (e.g., “to fold a paper frog”) across different study conditions, and only a few different activities have been investigated overall. Two experiments tested whether five very different such activities can be carried out better after enactment learning than after observing a model or after pictorial learning instructions. No evidence of different performance across study conditions was obtained.

Memory Recall After “Learning by Doing” and “Learning by Viewing”: Boundary Conditions of an Enactment Benefit - Melanie C. Steffens; Rul von Stülpnagel; Janette C. Schult (Frontiers in Psychology, 2015)
According to common sense, things one has done are remembered better than things done by others that one has observed. On first sight, findings concerning memory for actions appear in line with that preconception: Performed actions (“subject-performed tasks”) appear to be remembered particularly well, and better than observed actions (“experimenter-performed tasks”). A closer look, however, reveals important exceptions regarding this enactment effect. The aim of the present paper is critically evaluating the literature that compares memory for performed and observed tasks. In recognition memory, an enactment effect has regularly been observed. In free recall, however, findings depended on the experimental design: When performed and observed actions were intermixed, an enactment effect was typically found. In contrast, in designs where actions were either all performed or all observed, this was rarely the case. We discuss underlying memory processes, potential moderator variables, open questions, and implications.

Mit Gedächtnistraining zum Schulerfolg? Wie Mathematik- und Leseleistung mit dem Arbeitsgedächtnis zusammen hängen und was ein kognitives Training bewirken kann - J. Karbach; C. Titz (InMind Magazin, 2015)

Nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: What is known about this new research diagnosis? - Tina In-Albon (European Psychologist, 2015)

Now you see it, now you don't: Explaining inconsistent evidence on gender stereotyping of newborns - Isabel Thielmann; Edgar Erdfelder; Dagmar Stahlberg (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2015)

On the interplay of (positive) stereotypes and prejudice: Impressions of lesbian and gay applicants for leadership positions - Claudia Niedlich; Melanie Caroline Steffens (Sensoria - a Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture, 2015)
Most studies on attitudes towards homosexuality focus on discrimination and prejudice. However, in a work-related context, stereotypes of gay men and lesbians as transgressing traditional gender roles could lead to advantages. According to traditional gender stereotypes men are perceived as higher in competence and women as higher in social skills. Perceived lack of fit between job and gender stereotypes has been linked to gender biases in employment decisions. We aimed to test whether gay men were perceived as higher in social skills than heterosexual men, and whether lesbians were considered higher in task-related competence than heterosexual women, and if so, whether this led to advantages in hireability judgments for respective jobs. Participants (N = 266) received identical information on job applicants for high-status positions, with gender, sexual orientation, qualification level, and job context (traditionally masculine vs. feminine) manipulated. Lesbian and gay applicants were rated higher in task competence and social skills than their heterosexual counterparts. However, this did not lead to higher hireability judgments. We explored and discuss reasons for this pattern of findings, focusing on prejudiced attitudes. On the Interplay of (Positive) Stereotypes and Prejudice: Impressions of Lesbian and Gay Applicants for Leadership Positions (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275648569_On_the_Interplay_of_Positive_Stereotypes_and_Prejudice_Impressions_of_Lesbian_and_Gay_Applicants_for_Leadership_Positions [accessed Aug 18, 2017].

Pädagogisch-psychologisches Professionswissen von Lehrkräften: Evaluation des ProwiN-Tests - Gerlinde Lenske; Hubertina Thillmann; Joachim Wirth; Theresa Dicke; Detlev Leutner (Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 2015)
Bezüglich des pädagogisch-psychologischen Professionswissens von Lehrkräften wird angenommen, dass es die Prozessqualität des Unterrichts und damit indirekt den Lernerfolg von Schülern und Schülerinnen beeinflusst, wobei empirische Evidenz für diese Annahme derzeit noch begrenzt ist. Auch wird mitunter bezweifelt, dass es sich um explizites Wissen handelt, das Lehrkräfte kommunizieren können und auf das sie in Anwendungssituationen bewusst zurückgreifen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein neu entwickeltes Testinstrument vorgestellt, anhand dessen sich deklarative und konditional-prozedurale Komponenten des pädagogisch-psychologischen Professionswissens von Lehrkräften unterrichtsnah und anwendungsbezogen erfassen lassen. Anhand von zwei Studien mit Lehrkräften der naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächer werden die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des Instruments untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass das Instrument das pädagogisch-psychologische Wissen im Hinblick auf zwei separierbare Dimensionen reliabel erfasst. Unterschiede zwischen Probandengruppen verschiedenen Ausbildungsgrades und Korrelationen mit Tests zur Erfassung des fachlichen und fachdidaktischen Wissens geben Hinweise auf seine Konstruktvalidität.

Parenting behavior in families of female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury in comparison to a clinical and a nonclinical control group - Taru Tschan; Marc Schmid; Tina In-Albon (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015)

Perfectionism in the Transactional Stress Model - Elisabeth Zureck; Christine Altstötter-Gleich; Friederike X.R. Gerstenberg; Manfred Schmitt (Personality and Individual Differences, 2015)

Plasticity of executive functions in childhood and adolescence: Effects of cognitive training interventions. - Julia Karbach (Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 2015)

Post-Amputation Pain Is Associated with the Recall of an Impaired Body Representation in Dreams-Results from a Nation-Wide Survey on Limb Amputees - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann; Michael Schredl; Martin Diers; Iris Reinhard; Jens Foell; Joerg Trojan; Xaver Fuchs; Herta Flor (PLOS ONE, 2015)
The experience of post-amputation pain such as phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP), is a common consequence of limb amputation, and its presence has negative effects on a person's well-being. The continuity hypothesis of dreams suggests that the presence of such aversive experiences in the waking state should be reflected in dream content, with the recalled body representation reflecting a cognitive proxy of negative impact. In the present study, we epidemiologically assessed the presence of post-amputation pain and other amputation-related information as well as recalled body representation in dreams in a sample of 3,234 unilateral limb amputees. Data on the site and time of amputation, residual limb length, prosthesis use, lifetime prevalence of mental disorders, presence of post-amputation pain, and presence of non-painful phantom phenomena were included in logistic regression analyses using recalled body representation in dreams (impaired, intact, no memory) as dependent variable. The effects of age, sex, and frequency of dream recall were controlled for. About 22% of the subjects indicated that they were not able to remember their body representation in dreams, another 24% of the amputees recalled themselves as always intact, and only a minority of less than 3% recalled themselves as always impaired. Almost 35% of the amputees dreamed of themselves in a mixed fashion. We found that lower-limb amputation as well as the presence of PLP and RLP was positively associated with the recall of an impaired body representation in dreams. The presence of nonpainful phantom phenomena, however, had no influence. These results complement previous findings and indicate complex interactions of physical body appearance and mental body representation, probably modulated by distress in the waking state. The findings are discussed against the background of alterations in cognitive processes after amputation and hypotheses suggesting an innate body model.

Prädiktoren sicherheitsrelevanten Verhaltens bei jugendlichen Computernutzern. - Flavius Kehr; Tobias Rothmund; Wendy Füllgraf; Mario Gollwitzer (Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, 2015)

Predicting students' learning strategies: The contribution of chronotype over personality - Stephanie Ruffing; Elisabeth Hahn; Frank M. Spinath; Roland Bruenken; Julia Karbach (PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 2015)
Students' learning strategies as well as the search for its determinants have gained expanding interest in psychology and educational research. The present study investigated the contribution of chronotype, another construct of increasing importance in the academic context, to students' learning strategies controlling for the established predictor of personality and its relations to chronotype. A sample of 318 college students (mean age = 22.6, SD = 2.5; age range = 19-34) was assessed online through self-report questionnaires. We discriminated between two learning strategy factors aggregated by a diverse set of learning strategies, learning discipline and elaboration. First, results confirmed significant associations between most personality scales and students' strategy use. Furthermore, we found evidence for significant associations between chronotype and personality, as well as chronotype and learning strategies. Finally, structural equation modeling revealed that openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and morningness were significant predictors for elaboration, whereas learning discipline was significantly predicted by conscientiousness and morningness. We conclude that chronotype plays an important role explaining students' learning strategies over and above personality. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preservice teachers' implicit attitudes toward racial minority students: Evidence from three implicit measures - Sabine Glock; Julia Karbach (STUDIES IN EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION, 2015)
Implicit attitudes can be activated by the mere presence of the attitude object. They are assumed to guide behavior in demanding situations, including the educational context. Implicit attitudes toward racial minority students could be important in contributing to the disadvantages those students experience in school. This study employed three different measures to investigate implicit attitudes toward racial minority students among preservice teachers. The IAT and the AMP showed more negative implicit attitudes toward racial minority than toward racial majority students; the affective priming task revealed that implicit attitudes toward racial majority students were positive, while those toward racial minority students were neutral. Results are discussed in their implications for preservice teachers' judgments and behaviors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Principles of environmental justice and pro-environmental action: A two-step process model of moral anger and responsibility to act - Gerhard Reese; Lisa Jacob (Environmental Science & Policy, 2015)
Beliefs about environmental justice are an important aspect in the willingness to continuously commit to pro-environmental behaviors and actions both on individual and societal levels. Since environmental policy is subject to decisions across various state institutions, the current article focuses on three principles of environmental justice beliefs, and tests their independent contributions toward pro-environmental behavior. In a representative sample of German citizens, we tested the effects of intergenerational justice, ecological justice and global justice beliefs on pro-environmental intentions. In addition, we focused on two potential processes that might explain the relation between justice beliefs and pro-environmental behavior, namely, moral anger and perceived responsibility. In line with expectations, stronger environmental justice beliefs predicted pro-environmental intentions. Path analyses further revealed that sense of responsibility and moral anger mediated the effects, with the former being a stronger predictor of pro-environmental intentions than the latter. These findings are discussed in light of current societal debate and policy recommendations are exemplified.

Psychocardiology: How Heart and Psyche interact - Maxie Bunz; Ingrid Kindermann; Julia Karbach; Sonja Wedegaertner; Michael Boehm; Denise Lenski (DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, 2015)
Zusammenfassung Patienten mit Herzerkrankungen leiden haufig auch unter psychischen Komorbiditaten. Diese senken die Lebensqualitat der Betroffenen und wirken sich negativ auf Entstehung und Verlauf von Herzerkrankungen aus. Insbesondere Depression, Angst und posttraumatische Belastungsstorung (PTBS) konnen die Hospitalisierungs-, Morbiditats-, und Mortalitatsrate ansteigen lassen. Eine fruhzeitige Diagnose und konsekutive Behandlung psychischer Storungen bei Patienten mit Herzkreislauferkrankungen sind somit unumganglich. Die Psychokardiologie befasst sich mit dem Zusammenspiel kardialer Erkrankungen und psychischer Veranderungen sowie mit den darauf einwirkenden psychosozialen Faktoren. Abstract Patients with heart disease often suffer from psychological comorbidities in addition to various physical impairments. These mental disorders reduce the quality of life and have a negative effect on the development and course of heart diseases. Particularly the occurrence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may lead to an increase in hospitalization-, morbidity-, and mortality rates. Early diagnosis of psychological disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease and consecutive treatment is therefore desirable. In this context, psychocardiology addresses the interaction of cardiac disease and psychological alterations as well as the influencing psychosocial factors.

Psychologie in der Naturschutzkommunikation. Einblicke in die aktuelle Forschung und Praxis - Gerhard Reese; Immo Fritsche; Norbert Wiersbinski; Andreas Mues; Anne Roempke (BfN Skripten, 2015)
http://www.bfn.de/fileadmin/BfN/service/Dokumente/skripten/Skript423.pdf

Public concerns about violent video games are moral concerns-How moral threat can make pacifists susceptible to scientific and political claims against violent video games - Tobias Rothmund; Jens Bender; Peter Nauroth; Mario Gollwitzer (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2015)

Putting prejudice into perspective: Does perceived suitability for adoption depend on sexual orientation more than on other applicant features? - Melanie Caroline Steffens; Kai J. Jonas; Therese Scali (Sensoria - a Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture, 2015)
Most prejudice studies focus on a single aspect, for instance, sexual prejudice, overlooking other individual characteristics or multiple minority status (i.e., identity intersections). As a drawback, this approach could overestimate specific sources of prejudice. We demonstrated this empirically in the context of the controversial topic of adoption by same-gender couples. In three experiments (total N = 603) we examined the conditions under which members of the general population rate target adults’ written applications as indicating suitability for adopting, independently manipulating target sexual orientation, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and age. We found that SES explained as much or more variance in adoption suitability decisions as sexual orientation; applicant gender influenced those decisions more than applicant sexual orientation. Younger applicants were also preferred to older ones. Few interactions were obtained. Mediators of adoption suitability decisions were assumptions about the general well-being of the child, and specific worries concerning the child. Our results suggest that reservations against adoption by same-gender couples may be overestimated if one focuses exclusively on sexual orientation. Putting prejudice into perspective: Does perceived suitability for adoption depend on sexual orientation more than on other applicant features? (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273577166_Putting_prejudice_into_perspective_Does_perceived_suitability_for_adoption_depend_on_sexual_orientation_more_than_on_other_applicant_features [accessed Aug 18, 2017].

Quality of Work: Validation of a New Instrument in Three Languages - Georges Steffgen; Diane Kohl; Gerhard Reese; Christian Happ; Philipp Sischka (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 2015)
Introduction and objective: A new instrument to measure quality of work was developed in three languages (German, French and Luxembourgish) and validated in a study of employees working in Luxembourg. Methods and results: A representative sample (n = 1529) was taken and exploratory factor analysis revealed a six-factor solution for the 21-item instrument (satisfaction and respect, mobbing, mental strain at work, cooperation, communication and feedback, and appraisal). Reliability analysis showed satisfying reliability for all six factors and the total questionnaire. In order to examine the construct validity of the new instrument, regression analyses were conducted to test whether the instrument predicted work characteristics' influence on three components of well-beingburnout, psychological stress and maladaptive coping behaviors. Conclusion: The present validation offers a trilingual inventory for measuring quality of work that may be used, for example, as an assessment tool or for testing the effectiveness of interventions.

Radio und TV im Kontext crossmedialer Werbung. - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2015)

Ratgeber Selbstverletzendes Verhalten - Tina In-Albon; Paul L. Plener; Romuald Brunner; Michael Kaess (Hogrefe, 2015)

Reciprocal relationships between resources, work and study engagement, and health. Evidence for gain cycles - Dorota Reis; Annekatrin Hoppe; Annette Schröder (European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2015)

Red Color and Risk-Taking Behavior in Online Environments - Timo Gnambs; Markus Appel; Aileen Oeberst (PLOS ONE, 2015)
In many situations red is associated with hazard and danger. As a consequence, it was expected that task-irrelevant color cues in online environments would affect risk-taking behaviors. This assumption was tested in two web-based experiments. The first study (N = 383) demonstrated that in risky choice dilemmas respondents preferred the less risky option when the displayed university logo was in red (versus gray); but only when both choice alternatives were at least moderately risky. The second study (N = 144) replicated these results with a behavioral outcome: Respondents showed more cautious behavior in a web-based game when the focal stimuli were colored red (versus blue). Together, these findings demonstrate that variations in the color design of a computerized environment affect risk taking: Red color leads to more conservative choices and behaviors.

Representations of body and space: theoretical concepts and controversies - Jörg Trojan (Cognitive Processing, 2015)
Recent years have seen a revived interest in how body and space are represented perceptually and how they affect human cognition and behaviour. Various conceptualisations of body and space have been proposed, alternately stressing neurophysiological, cognitive, or social aspects, but unified approaches are scarce. This short paper will give an overview of different views on body and space. At least three relevant dimensions can be identified in which concepts of body and space may differ: (1) perspective: while we conceptually differentiate between body and space perception, they imply each other and the underlying mechanisms overlap. (2) Level: representations of body and space may emerge at different processing levels, from spinal mechanisms guiding reflex movements to those we construct in our imagination. (3) Affect: representations of body and space are closely linked to affect, but this relationship has not received enough attention yet. Despite many empirical findings, our current views on body and space representations remain ambiguous. One problem may lie in the implicit diversity of “bodies” and “spaces” examined in different studies. Specifications of these concepts may help understand existing results better and are important for guiding future research.

Schmerzerleben - Jörg Trojan; Herta Flor; Martin Lotze (neuroreha, 2015)

School Achievement: Motivational Determinants and Processes - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015)

Science fiction reduces the eeriness of android robots: A field experiment - Martina Mara; Markus Appel (COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR, 2015)
As suggested by the uncanny valley hypothesis, robots that resemble humans likely elicit feelings of eeriness. Based on the psychological model of meaning maintenance, we expected that the uncanny valley experience could be mitigated through a fictional story, due to the meaning-generating function of narratives. A field experiment was conducted, in which 75 participants interacted with the humanlike robot Telenoid. Prior to the interaction, they either read a short story, a non-narrative leaflet about the robot, or they received no preliminary information. Eeriness ratings were significantly lower in the science fiction condition than in both other conditions. This effect was mediated by higher perceived human-likeness of the robot. Our findings suggest that science fiction may provide meaning for otherwise unsettling future technologies. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selbstverletzendes Verhalten - Tina In-Albon; Paul L. Plener; Romuald Brunner; Michael Kaess (Hogrefe, 2015)

Self-esteem development across the lifespan: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany - Ulrich Orth; Jürgen Maes; Manfred Schmitt (Developmental Psychology, 2015)

Social Identity Threat Motivates Science-Discrediting Online Comments - Peter Nauroth; Mario Gollwitzer; Jens Bender; Tobias Rothmund (PLOS ONE, 2015)

Source and destination memory in face-to-face interaction: A multinomial modeling approach - Nele M. Fischer; Janette C. Schult; Melanie C. Steffens (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2015)
Arguing that people are often in doubt concerning to whom they have presented what information, Gopie and MacLeod (2009) introduced a new memory component, destination memory: remembering the destination of output information (i.e., “Who did you tell this to?”). They investigated source (i.e., “Who told you that?”) versus destination memory in computer-based imagined interactions. The present study investigated destination memory in real interaction situations. In 2 experiments with mixed-gender (N = 53) versus same-gender (N = 89) groups, source and destination memory were manipulated by creating a setup similar to speed dating. In dyads, participants completed phrase fragments with personal information, taking turns. At recognition, participants decided whether fragments were new or old and, if old, whether they were listened to or spoken and which depicted person was the source or the destination of the information. A multinomial model was used for analyses. Source memory significantly exceeded destination memory, whereas information itself was better remembered in the destination than in the source condition. These findings corroborate the trade-off hypothesis: Context is better remembered in input than in output events, but information itself is better remembered in output than in input events. We discuss the implications of these findings for real-world conversation situations.

Soziale Normen und Anthropomorphismus als Werkzeuge der Naturschutzkommunikation? - Gerhard Reese (Psychologie in der Naturschutzkommunikation - Einblicke in die aktuelle Forschung und Praxis, 2015)
http://www.bfn.de/fileadmin/BfN/service/Dokumente/skripten/Skript423.pdf

Statistik und Forschungsmethoden - Michael Eid; Mario Gollwitzer; Manfred Schmitt (Beltz, 2015)

Stereotype threat and the cognitive performance of adolescent immigrants: The role of cultural identity strength - Silvana Weber; Markus Appel; Nicole Kronberger (Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2015)
In many world regions students with certain immigrant backgrounds underperform in educational settings. Theory and research suggest that this achievement gap could be partially explained by stereotype threat. Stereotype threat is a detrimental psychological state that inhibits individuals who belong to a negatively stereotyped group at times of learning and performance. The aim of this work was to examine both the influence of students' residence culture identity strength and ethnic identity strength on their cognitive performance under threat. Two experimental studies, conducted in European secondary schools, are reported. Experiment 1 (N = 132) showed that in a situation of explicit stereotype threat, high identification of immigrants with their residence culture predicted better cognitive performance, independently of ethnic identity strength. Residence culture identity strength was unrelated to cognitive performance in a control condition or a more implicit threat condition. Experiment 2 (N = 152) included an experimental manipulation of residence culture identity strength. The results show that highlighting similarities with the residence culture (vs. highlighting differences) positively influences immigrant students' performance under threat. This research connects the stereotype threat framework with acculturation research, and points at ways to increase the educational achievement of immigrant students.

Studieneignung für spezifische Studienfächer: Welche Rolle spielt die Auswahl der Anforderungsanalysemethode bei der Identifizierung erfolgsrelevanter Eigenschaften? - C. Thunsdorff; L. Michaelis; S. Weis; M. Kersting; M. Schmitt (Das Hochschulwesen, 2015)

Subliminal galvanic-vestibular stimulation influences ego- and object-centred components of visual neglect - Karin Oppenlaender; Ingo Keller; Julia Karbach; Igor Schindler; Georg Kerkhoff; Stefan Reinhart (NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 2015)
Neglect patients show contralesional deficits in egocentric and object-centred visuospatial tasks. The extent to which these different phenomena are modulated by sensory stimulation remains to be clarified. Subliminal galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) induces imperceptible, polarity-specific changes in the cortical vestibular systems without the unpleasant side effects (nystagmus, vertigo) induced by caloric vestibular stimulation. While previous studies showed vestibular stimulation effects on egocentric spatial neglect phenomena, such effects were rarely demonstrated in object-centred neglect. Here, we applied bipolar subsensory GVS over the mastoids (mean intensity: 0.7 mA) to investigate its influence on egocentric (digit cancellation, text copying), object-centred (copy of symmetrical figures), or both (line bisection) components of visual neglect in 24 patients with unilateral right hemisphere stroke. Patients were assigned to two patient groups (impaired vs. normal in the respective task) on the basis of cut-off scores derived from the literature or from normal controls. Both groups performed all tasks under three experimental conditions carried out on three separate days: (a) sham/baseline GVS where no electric current was applied, (b) left cathodal/right anodal (CL/AR) GVS and (c) left anodal/right cathodal (AL/CR) GVS, for a period of 20 min per session. CL/AR GVS significantly improved line bisection and text copying whereas AL/CR GVS significantly ameliorated figure copying and digit cancellation. These GVS effects were selectively observed in the impaired- but not in the unimpaired patient group. In conclusion, subliminal GVS modulates ego- and object-centred components of visual neglect rapidly. Implications for neurorehabilitation are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Surface and Deep Structures in Graphics Comprehension. - Wolfgang Schnotz; Christiane Baadte (Memory & Cognition, 2015)
Graphics comprehension can be considered as a process of schema-mediated structure mapping from external graphics on internal mental models. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that graphics possess a perceptible surface structure as well as a semantic deep structure both affecting mental model construction. The same content was presented to different groups of learners by graphics from different perspectives with different surface structures but the same deep structure. Deep structures were complementary: Major features of the learning content in one experiment became minor features in the other experiment, and vice versa. Text was held constant. Participants were asked to read, understand and memorize the learning material. Furthermore, they were either instructed to process the material from the perspective supported by the graphic or from an alternative perspective, or they received no further instruction. After learning, they were asked to recall the learning content from different perspectives by completing graphs of different formats as accurately as possible. Learners’ recall was more accurate if the format of recall was the same as the learning format which indicates surface structure influences. However, participants showed also more accurate recall when they remembered the content from a perspective emphasizing the deep structure, regardless of the graphics format presented before. This included better recall of what they had not seen than of what they really had seen before. That is, deep structure effects overrode surface effects. Depending on context conditions, stimulation of additional cognitive processing by instruction had partially positive and partially negative effects.

The benefits of looking at intraindividual dynamics in cognitive training data - Tanja Koenen; Julia Karbach (FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2015)
Over the last decade, the prospect of improving or maintaining cognitive functioning has provoked a steadily increasing number of cognitive training studies. Central target populations are individuals at risk for a disadvantageous development, such as older adults exhibiting cognitive decline or children with learning impairments. They rely on cognitive resources to meet the challenges of an independent life in old age or requirements at school. To support daily cognitive functioning, training outcomes need to generalize to other cognitive abilities. Such transfer effects are, however, highly discussed. For example, recent meta-analyses on working memory training differed in the conclusion on the presence (Au et al., 2015; Karbach and Verhaeghen, 2014) or absence of transfer effects (Melby-Lervag and Hulme, 2013). Usually training-specific design factors such as type, intensity, duration, and feedback routines are discussed as reasons for such inconsistent findings. However, even individuals participating in exactly the same training regime highly differ in their training outcomes. We argue that it is time to study the individual development during trainings to understand these differential outcomes. It is time to have a closer look at the intraindividual training data.

The Construction Task: Validation of a distractor-free item format for the presentation of figural matrices - Nicolas Becker; Franzis Preckel; Julia Karbach; Nathalie Raffel; Frank M. Spinath (DIAGNOSTICA, 2015)
Figural matrices are a common and well-proven item format used for intellectual assessment. While the construction of the item stems is well documented, only little is known about the construction of the distractors. This proves to be problematic since the distractors seem to influence the solution process of the testers. In this study, the psychometric properties of an item format called construction task were put to the test. Atotal of 338 subjects took a test composed of 40 item stems presented as construction tasks. Since the subjects had to generate the correct answer in a computerized testing environment, no distractors had to be constructed. The results indicate good psychometric properties of the test. The test items cover a variety of difficulty levels. They assess only one latent dimension but demonstrate good construct and criterion validity. Perspectives for the future development of the item format are discussed.

The Cue is the Key: The Relevance of Cues and Contextual Information in the Social Understanding Tasks of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence - Melanie Baumgarten; Heinz-Martin Süß; Susanne Weis (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2015)
In contrast to former tests, the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence measures social understanding with a scenario approach. Each scenario is based on one real target person and includes both social cues and contextual information about this person in different realistic situations. The subjects’ task is to understand the given social cues and to judge the target persons’ cognitions, emotions, and relationships to other people. However, subjects can potentially use only contextual information instead of social cues or base their judgments equally on both. The present study was aimed at examining the relative contribution of social cues and contextual information. In an experiment (N = 126), we manipulated the following conditions: Participants were given (a) only social cues, (b) only contextual information, or (c) both components. Results showed that social cues played a more important role in this social understanding task than the contextual information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)

The effect of the color red on encoding and retrieval of declarative knowledge - Timo Gnambs; Markus Appel; Kai Kaspar (LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 2015)
Studies on color psychology have demonstrated that the color red impairs cognitive performance in achievement situations. This study extends this line of research to the context of learning. One hundred and ninety students of a secondary school were instructed to memorize a short text (encoding phase). Subsequently, they were administered a knowledge test and a measure of cognitive load (retrieval phase). The experimental design manipulated the color (red versus gray) of the stimulus material during the encoding and the retrieval phase. For boys, repeated color exposure affected test performance more strongly than color presentation during a single phase. In contrast, for girls, a single color manipulation impaired knowledge retrieval, whereas repeated exposure to red had no effect. Descriptive analyses identified similar effects for cognitive load. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The influence of stereotype threat on immigrants: review and meta-analysis - Markus Appel; Silvana Weber; Nicole Kronberger (Frontiers in Psychology, 2015)
In many regions around the world students with certain immigrant backgrounds underachieve in educational settings. This paper provides a review and meta-analysis on one potential source of the immigrant achievement gap: stereotype threat, a situational predicament that may prevent students to perform up to their full abilities. A meta-analysis of 19 experiments suggests an overall mean effect size of 0.63 (random effects model) in support of stereotype threat theory. The results are complemented by moderator analyses with regard to circulation (published or unpublished research), cultural context (US versus Europe), age of immigrants, type of stereotype threat manipulation, dependent measures, and means for identification of immigrant status; evidence on the role of ethnic identity strength is reviewed. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) - validation, factor structure and comparison to the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and other validated measures in German chronic back pain patients - Antonia Barke; Jenny Riecke; Winfried Rief; Julia A. Glombiewski (BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, 2015)

The Traits One Can Trust: Dissecting Reciprocity and Kindness as Determinants of Trustworthy Behavior - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN, 2015)

The Transportation Scale-Short Form (TS-SF) - Markus Appel; Timo Gnambs; Tobias Richter; Melanie C. Green (MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY, 2015)
One popular concept to capture the experience of being immersed into the world of a story is that of transportation. This article examines the factorial validity of the Transportation Scale (TS) and introduces a short and psychometrically sound alternative for the assessment of transportation. Exploratory bifactor modeling in Study 1 (N = 179) provided support for the hypothesized factor structure of the original TS with three facets and a general transportation factor. Based on these analyses, a six-item short version of the scale, the Transportation Scale-Short Form (TS-SF), was developed. Study 2 (N = 131 and N = 246) as well as Study 3 (N = 301) corroborated the short form's factorial structure, reliability, and validity.

They Came, They Liked, They Commented: Social Influence on Facebook News Channels - Stephan Winter; Caroline Brückner; Nicole C. Krämer (Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2015)

Towards a state-trait-model for situations - Gabriela Blum; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Personality, 2015)

Trust: An integrative review from a person-situation perspective. - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (Review of General Psychology, 2015)

Truth Will Out: Linking Personality, Morality, and Honesty Through Indirect Questioning - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Morten Moshagen; Ingo Zettler (SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE, 2015)

Vertrauen: Ein interdisziplinäres Referenzmodell - Rüdiger Grimm; Michaela Maier; Tobias Rothmund (Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, 2015)

Video-based analyses of reading instruction in the fourth grade based on the observation system LUPE - Nora Heyne (Multiple Perspectives on Teaching and Learning, 2015)

Videobasierte Analysen von Maßnahmen im Leseunterricht des vierten Schuljahres - Nora Heyne (2015)

Wenn Politiker Normen verletzen - Tobias Rothmund; Anna Baumert; Manfred Schmitt; Jürgen Maier; Anna Halmburger; John Jost (Uniprisma spezial, 2015)

Wer bin ich? Wie sich Facebook und Co auf unsere Selbstwahrnehmung auswirken - Constanze Schreiner; Silvana Weber (The In-Mind, 2015)
Nie war Selbstdarstellung so einfach wie heute, zu Zeiten des Web 2.0. Die NutzerInnen gestalten die Inhalte aktiv mit und haben Raum für die Darstellung ihrer eigenen Person sowie für kleinere oder größere Identitätsexperimente. Auf sozialen Netzwerkseiten erhalten wir andauerndes und unmittelbares Feedback auf die Präsentation unseres Selbst. Entgegen der Befürchtungen vieler Eltern und Pädagogen kann die (aktive) Nutzung sozialer Netzwerkseiten positive Konsequenzen für die Selbstwahrnehmung haben.

Whatever the cost? Information integration in memory-based inferences depends on cognitive effort - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Martha Michalkiewicz; Marta Castela; Ruediger F. Pohl; Edgar Erdfelder (MEMORY & COGNITION, 2015)

When the cat’s away, some mice will play: A basic trait account of dishonest behavior - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Ingo Zettler (Journal of Research in Personality, 2015)

Wie belastet erleben sich Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten in ihrem Berufsalltag? Ergebnisse einer Online-Erhebung. - Annette Schröder; Dorota Reis (Psychotherapeutenjournal, 2015)

Zur Validität von studentischen Lehrveranstaltungsevaluationen - Eva Fondel; Tanja Lischetzke; Susanne Weis; Mario Gollwitzer (Diagnostica, 2015)

A powerful vision: power affects visual search behavior - Ana Guinote; Gerhard Reese; David Wilkinson (PSICOLOGIA, 2014)
Estudos preliminares demonstram que a posição de poder que os indivíduos ocupam afecta a sua capacidade de focalizarem a atenção em informação relevante para a tarefa. O presente artigo investiga as componentes da atenção que são afectadas pelo poder, utilizando tarefas de busca visual. Em três estudos, os participantes foram inicialmente primados com o conceito de poder ou de subordinação e efectuaram tarefas de busca visual. Nestas tarefas, a contribuição das influências atencionais descendentes (top-down) e ascendentes (bottom-up) foram manipuladas através da alteração da semelhança física ou semântica entre estímulos alvo e estímulos de distracção. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o poder afecta a velocidade da busca visual. Além disso, as diferenças obtidas derivam de diferenças na atenção descendente e não na atenção ascendente e ocorrem face a alvos diferenciados com base em propriedades físicas ou semânticas.

A question of credibility - Effects of source cues and recommendations on information selection on news sites and blogs - Stephan Winter; Nicole C. Krämer (Communications - The European Journal of Communication Research, 2014)

A Towel Less: Social Norms Enhance Pro-Environmental Behavior in Hotels - Gerhard Reese; Kristina Loew; Georges Steffgen (JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)
Previous research has shown that normative appeals to engage in environmentally friendly behavior were most effective when they were accompanied by a provincial norm (e.g., when norms matched individuals' immediate situational circumstances). Analyzing hotel guests' towel-use during their stay, the current study tests whether messages employing provincial norms were more effective in reducing towel-use than standard environmental messages. In line with previous findings, guests of two hotels used significantly fewer towels when provincial normative appeals-rather than standard environmental messages-were communicated. These findings corroborate to the body of research demonstrating the power of social norms on environmental behavior.

Active versus reactive cooperativeness in Borderline Psychopathology: A dissection based on the HEXACO model of personality - Johanna Hepp; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Morten Moshagen; Ingo Zettler; Christian Schmahl; Inga Niedtfeld (PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 2014)

ADRA2B genotype differentially modulates stress-induced neural activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional memory retrieval - Shijia Li; Riklef Weerda; Christopher Milde; Oliver T. Wolf; Christiane M. Thiel (Psychopharmacology, 2014)
emotion memory stress functional imaging amygdala hippocampus

Agree or disagree? Influences on consensus in personality judgements - Johanna Pretsch; Barbara Flunger; Nina Heckmann; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2014)

Aktuelle Ergebnisse der Werbewirkungsforschung. - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2014)

Alltägliche Leistungsbeurteilung durch Lehrer - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (Leistungsmessungen in Schulen, 2014)

An augmented reality home-training system based on the mirror training and imagery approach - Joerg Trojan; Martin Diers; Xaver Fuchs; Felix Bach; Robin Bekrater-Bodmann; Jens Foell; Sandra Kamping; Mariela Rance; Heiko Maass; Herta Flor (BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, 2014)
Mirror training and movement imagery have been demonstrated to be effective in treating several clinical conditions, such as phantom limb pain, stroke-induced hemiparesis, and complex regional pain syndrome. This article presents an augmented reality home-training system based on the mirror and imagery treatment approaches for hand training. A head-mounted display equipped with cameras captures one hand held in front of the body, mirrors this hand, and displays it in real time in a set of four different training tasks: (1) flexing fingers in a predefined sequence, (2) moving the hand into a posture fitting into a silhouette template, (3) driving a "Snake" video game with the index finger, and (4) grasping and moving a virtual ball. The system records task performance and transfers these data to a central server via the Internet, allowing monitoring of training progress. We evaluated the system by having 7 healthy participants train with it over the course of ten sessions of 15-min duration. No technical problems emerged during this time. Performance indicators showed that the system achieves a good balance between relatively easy and more challenging tasks and that participants improved significantly over the training sessions. This suggests that the system is well suited to maintain motivation in patients, especially when it is used for a prolonged period of time.

An Experimental Validation Method for Questioning Techniques That Assess Sensitive Issues - Morten Moshagen; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Edgar Erdfelder; Annie Moritz (EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)

Anger as driving factor of moral courage in comparison to guilt and global mood: A multimethod approach - Anna Halmburger; Anna Baumert; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2014)

Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Tina In-Albon (Das Angst-Buch für Pflege- und Gesundheitsberufe, 2014)

Another brick in the Facebook wall - How personality traits relate to the content of status updates - Stephan Winter; German Neubaum; Sabrina C. Eimler; Vanessa Gordon; Jenna Theil; Jonathan Herrmann; Nicole C. Krämer (Computers in Human Behavior, 2014)

Ärger, Scham und Vertrauensverlust. Wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger auf politische Skandale reagieren und was sie fordern - Jürgen Maier; A. Halmburger (The Inquisitive Mind, 2014)

Attitude Towards Lesbians and Gay Men (Einstellungen gegenüber Lesben und Schwulen) - G. Reese; Melanie C. Steffens (Diagnostische Verfahren in der Sexualwissenschaft, 2014)

Attitudes towards Gay Men and Lesbians - Die ATLG Skala - Reese Gerhard; Melanie C. Steffens (Diagnostische Verfahren in der Sexualwissenschaft, 2014)
Der Band stellt eine umfassende Sammlung von diagnostischen Verfahren vor, die Aspekte im Bereich der Sexualität erfassen und in der Sexuologie, Sexualmedizin und/oder Sexualtherapie angewendet werden können. Die beschriebenen Fragebögen und Interviews ermöglichen es, verschiedene Facetten des sexuellen Erlebens und Verhaltens valide zu erheben. Hierzu gehören z. B. sexuelle Einstellungen, das Sexualverhalten sowie sexuelle Störungen bzw. sexuelle Funktionen. Des Weiteren werden Verfahren vorgestellt, die es ermöglichen, Aspekte von sexuellem Missbrauch, sexueller Gewalt und Traumatisierungen standardisiert zu erfassen. Ergänzt wird die Übersicht durch Fragebögen zu Konstrukten, die häufig in sexualwissenschaftlichen Studien thematisiert werden, wie z. B. das Körpererleben, das Körperbild sowie selbstwertbezogene Konstrukte und Aspekte der Partnerschaft. Für alle vorgestellten Instrumente liegt eine deutschsprachige Fassung und Evaluation an einer deutschsprachigen Stichprobe vor. Die Verfahren können bei Erwachsenen und z. T. auch bei Jugendlichen ab 14 Jahren eingesetzt werden. Die einheitlichen und übersichtlichen Testbeschreibungen ermöglichen einen schnellen Zugriff auf die wichtigsten Informationen: Angaben zum Aufbau, zur Bearbeitungszeit, zum Anwendungsbereich und zu den Anwendungsvoraussetzungen. Zu jedem Verfahren wird kurz der theoretische Hintergrund erläutert und es werden Informationen zu den Gütekriterien und praktische Hinweise zur Anwendung gegeben.

Aufgeholt, aber nicht aufgeschlossen: Wahrnehmungen und Wirkungen von TV-Duellen am Beispiel von Angela Merkel und Peer Steinbrück 2013. - Jürgen Maier; T. Faas; Michaela Maier (Zeitschrift für Palamentsfragen, 2014)

Beyond the Glass Ceiling: The Glass Cliff and Its Lessons for Organizational Policy - Susanne Bruckmüller; Michell Ryan; Floor Rink; Alex Haslam (Social Issues and Policy Review, 2014)
It has been almost 30 years since the metaphor of the “glass ceiling” was coined to describe the often subtle, but very real, barriers that women face as they try to climb the organizational hierarchy. Here we review evidence for a relatively new form of gender discrimination—captured by the metaphor of the glass cliff—that women face when they obtain positions of leadership. Such positions often prove to be more risky and precarious than those of their male counterparts. We summarize evidence demonstrating the existence of glass cliffs in business and politics as well as experimental work that identifies a number of factors contributing to the phenomenon. We then discuss implications for policy and practice, highlighting the importance of understanding women’s and men’s experiences in the workplace rather than treating gender diversity as merely “a numbers game.”

Body, space, and pain - Joerg Trojan; Martin Diers; Camila Valenzuela-Moguillansky; Diana M. E. Torta (FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE, 2014)

Burnout risk among first-year teacher students: The roles of personality and motivation - Corinna Reichl; F-Sophie Wach; Frank M. Spinath; Roland Bruenken; Julia Karbach (JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR, 2014)
The present study identified individual variables by which first-year teacher students' risk for burnout can be detected at an early stage. We analyzed a sample of teacher students (n =559) and a control group of psychology students (n = 150) by using multinomial logistic regression analyses. We estimated the impact of personality (Five-Factor model) and motivation for choosing teacher education on work-related coping behavior and experiences (WCEP types: healthy-ambitious, unambitious, excessively-ambitious, and risk for burnout). Neuroticism and the extrinsic motivation of choosing teacher education (the assumed low difficulty of studies) were risk factors for unhealthy, stress-related coping behavior and experiences. In contrast, high levels of extraversion and conscientiousness as well as intrinsic motivation for choosing teacher education (subject-specific interest) were related to healthy-ambitious behavior. Relations of personality and stress-related WCEP types were partially moderated according to field of study (teaching versus psychology). Our results are of particular importance for improving counseling programs that advise prospective teacher students regarding their individual fit to the requirements and challenges of the teaching profession and for correcting false expectations about study demands. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Causes and consequences of a biased representation and perception of social science research: The violent video games debate as an example - Mario Gollwitzer; Tobias Rothmund; Christoph Klimmt; Peter Nauroth; Jens Bender (ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT, 2014)
Whenever social science research directly relates to people's everyday rationalities, and when social scientific findings collide with laypersons' subjective experiences, such research may become instrumentalized by the media and by political authorities and misconstrued by the general public. Scientific programs and findings are most likely to be misperceived and devalued when (a) they threaten fundamental moral convictions (such as justice, equality, nonviolence), or when (b) they threaten people's needs for a positive social identity. In this article, we exemplify the cognitive and emotional processes involved in such misperceptions in the context of media violence research, that is, research on the potentially harmful effect of playing violent video games. Implications and consequences of this analysis for a communication between science and the public will be discussed.

Chancen und Risiken beim Einsatz von neuen Medien in der Psychotherapie - Silvana Weber; Constanze Schreiner (Das In-Mind Magazin, 2014)
Internet und Smartphone sind heutzutage fester Bestandteil in allen Bereichen unseres Lebens. Diese Omnipräsenz legt nahe, neue Medien auch für die Übermittlung therapeutischer Interventionen und präventiver Maßnahmen bei psychischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen oder Angststörungen zu nutzen. So könnte eine breite Masse an Menschen, die Hilfe bei psychischen Problemen benötigen, schnell, einfach und kosteneffizient erreicht werden - ganz ohne lästige Wartezeiten. Doch wie wirksam sind diese Programme wirklich und worauf muss man als NutzerIn achten?

Cognitive conflict in social dilemmas: An analysis of response dynamics - Pascal J. Kieslich; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING, 2014)

Communicating Scientific Uncertainty: Media Effects on Public Engagement With Science - A. Retzbach; M. Maier (Communication Research, 2014)
Scientific results are always afflicted with some uncertainty, especially where emerging technologies are concerned. While there are normative and practical reasons to call for an open admission of scientific uncertainties, concerns about detrimental effects of such communication on public engagement with science have been raised in the literature. The present study was conducted to investigate how the communication of scientific uncertainty in nanotechnology influences laypeople’s interest in science and new technologies, beliefs about the nature of science, and trust in scientists. In a longitudinal field experiment, 945 participants were exposed to six real-world media reports (TV features and newspaper articles) on nanotechnology. Contrary to our expectations, the communication of scientific uncertainties was unable to change general beliefs about the nature of science. However, it had no detrimental effect on the trust in scientists, and with respect to interest in science and new technologies, slightly positive effects were observed.

Daily diary methodology - Tanja Lischetzke (Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research, 2014)

Digital dementia? Myths and scientific evidence concerning the effect of Internet use - Markus Appel; Constanze Schreiner (PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU, 2014)

Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-concepts of intelligence: Relations to modesty, narcissism, and achievement motivation - Friederike X. R. Gerstenberg; Roland Imhoff; Rainer Banse; Manfred Schmitt (Frontiers in Psychology in Personality Science and Individual Differences, 2014)

Diversity-Trainings: Einstellungen zwischen Gruppen sozialpsychologisch fundiert verbessern - Franziska Ehrke; Melanie C. Steffens (Aktuelle Trends in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung, 2014)

Do fibromyalgia patients benefit from cognitive restructuring and acceptance? An experimental study - Annika Kohl; Winfried Rief; Julia Anna Glombiewski (JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHIATRY, 2014)

Drawings and Tables as Cognitive Tools for Solving Non-Routine Word Problems in Primary School - Timo Reuter; Wolfgang Schnotz; Renate Rasch (American Journal of Educational Research, 2014)

Economic games - Performance-based assessment of fairness and altruism - Anna Baumert; Thomas Schlösser; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2014)

Effects of acute psychosocial stress on neural activity to emotional and neutral faces in a face recognition memory paradigm - Shijia Li; Riklef Weerda; Christopher Milde; Oliver T. Wolf; Christiane M. Thiel (Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2014)

Effects of Valenced Media Frames of Cancer Diagnoses and Therapies: Quantifying the Transformation and Establishing of Evaluative Schemas - Lars Guenther; Klara Froehlich; Jutta Milde; Gitte Heidecke; Georg Ruhrmann (Health Communication, 2014)
Journalists portray health issues within different frames, which may shape news recipients' evaluations, attitudes, and behaviors. As the research on framing continues to face theoretical challenges and methodological concerns, this study examines the transformation and establishing of evaluative schemas, which are steps in the process toward attitudinal change. The study measures recipients' evaluations of actual television clips dealing with cancer diagnoses and cancer therapies. Two valenced (positive vs. negative) media frames were tested in a 3-week online panel (n = 298) using a pretest-posttest design with a German sample. The results offer limited support for the hypothesis that media frames transform participants' schemas, but do not support the hypothesis that new schemas are established in response to media frames. The study also investigates interactions between framing and participants' issue involvement, as well as between framing and topic-specific interest and media use.

Elemente der Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation an der Universität Koblenz-Landau: Theoretische Einordnung und empirische Befunde - Susanne Weis; Christiane Karthaus; Tanja Lischetzke (Qualität in der Wissenschaft, 2014)
Lehrveranstaltungsevaluationen sind fester Bestandteil der Qualitätssicherungssysteme an deutschen Hochschulen. Typischerweise sollen dabei der Prozess der Vermittlung von Lerninhalten im Präsenzstudium durch die Studierenden mit einem Fragebogen evaluiert und die Ergebnisse der Befragung den Lehrkräften zurückgemeldet werden. Die Universität Koblenz-Landau setzt seit einigen Jahren das Trierer Inventar zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation (TRIL, Gollwitzer & Schlotz, 2003) ein, welches sukzessive an die Bedarfe der Hochschule und deren Fachbereiche adaptiert wurde. Weitere Elemente der Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation sind die Erfassung des Workloads und der Lernzielerreichung. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Elemente der Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation vor und ordnet sie in theoretische Vorhersagemodelle für Lernerfolg ein. In mehreren Studien wurden die psychometrische Güte, der Zusammenhang der Elemente untereinander und mit Klausurleistungen untersucht. Ergebnisse stützen die psychometrische Güte der eingesetzten Instrumente, zeigen aber auch ein komplexes Zusammenhangsmuster der Elemente untereinander als auch mit Lernerfolgskriterien.

Enactment versus Observation: Item-Specific and Relational Processing in Goal-Directed Action Sequences (and Lists of Single Actions) - Janette Schult; Rul von Stülpnagel; Melanie C. Steffens (PLoS ONE, 2014)
What are the memory-related consequences of learning actions (such as “apply the patch”) by enactment during study, as compared to action observation? Theories converge in postulating that enactment encoding increases item-specific processing, but not the processing of relational information. Typically, in the laboratory enactment encoding is studied for lists of unrelated single actions in which one action execution has no overarching purpose or relation with other actions. In contrast, real-life actions are usually carried out with the intention to achieve such a purpose. When actions are embedded in action sequences, relational information provides efficient retrieval cues. We contrasted memory for single actions with memory for action sequences in three experiments. We found more reliance on relational processing for action-sequences than single actions. To what degree can this relational information be used after enactment versus after the observation of an actor? We found indicators of superior relational processing after observation than enactment in ordered pair recall (Experiment 1A) and in emerging subjective organization of repeated recall protocols (recall runs 2-3, Experiment 2). An indicator of superior item-specific processing after enactment compared to observation was recognition (Experiment 1B, Experiment 2). Similar net recall suggests that observation can be as good a learning strategy as enactment. We discuss possible reasons why these findings only partly converge with previous research and theorizing.

Evaluating the construct validity of objective personality tests using a multitrait-multimethod-multioccasion (MTMM-MO) approach - Tobias Koch; Tuulia Ortner; Michael Eid; Manfred Schmitt (European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 2014)

Examining self-advantage in the suffering of others: Cross-cultural differences in beneficiary and observer justice sensitivity among Chinese, Germans, and Russians - M. Wu; M. Schmitt; Ch. Zhou; S. Nartova-Bochaver; N. Astania; N. Khachatryan; B. Han (Social Justice Research, 2014)

Executive control training from middle childhood to adolescence - Julia Karbach; Kerstin Unger (FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)
Executive functions (EFs) include a number of higher-level cognitive control abilities, such as cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory, which are instrumental in supporting action control and the flexible adaptation changing environments. These control functions are supported by the prefrontal cortex and therefore develop rapidly across childhood and mature well into late adolescence. Given that executive control is a strong predictor for various life outcomes, such as academic achievement, socioeconomic status, and physical health, numerous training interventions have been designed to improve executive functioning across the lifespan, many of them targeting children and adolescents. Despite the increasing popularity of these trainings, their results are neither robust nor consistent, and the transferability of training-induced performance improvements to untrained tasks seems to be limited. In this review, we provide a selective overview of the developmental literature on process-based cognitive interventions by discussing (1) the concept and the development of EFs and their neural underpinnings, (2) the effects of different types of executive control training in normally developing children and adolescents, (3) individual differences in training-related performance gains as well as (4) the potential of cognitive training interventions for the application in clinical and educational contexts. Based on recent findings, we consider how transfer of process-based executive control trainings may be supported and how interventions may be tailored to the needs of specific age groups or populations.

Experiencing narrative worlds: A latent state-trait analysis - Timo Gnambs; Markus Appel; Constanze Schreiner; Tobias Richter; Maj-Britt Isberner (PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 2014)

Eye Tracking Indicators of Reading Approaches in Text-Picture Comprehension - Fang Zhao; Wolfgang Schnotz; Inga Wagner; Robert Gaschler (Frontline Learning Research, 2014)

Faktorenstruktur, psychometrische Eigenschaften und Messinvarianz der deutschsprachigen Version des 60-Item HEXACO Persönlichkeitsinventars - Morten Moshagen; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Ingo Zettler (Diagnostica, 2014)

Funktionen und Motive der Fernsehnutzung - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2014)

Game-based cognitive training for the aging brain - Julia Karbach (FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)

Gamers against science: The case of the violent video games debate - Peter Nauroth; Mario Gollwitzer; Jens Bender; Tobias Rothmund (EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)
This article explores the notion that scientific research programs and empirical findings are fundamentally devalued when they threaten a perceiver's social identity. Findings from three studies show the following: (1) identification with the group of "gamers" (i.e., people who play video games on a regular basis) influences the extent to which perceivers devalue research suggesting that playing violent video games has negative consequences; (2) this effect is mediated by the feeling that the group of gamers is being stigmatized by such research (Studies 1 and 2) as well as by anger about this research (Study 2); (3) the effect of in-group identification on negative research evaluations cannot be explained by attitude or behavioral preference inconsistency (Studies 1 and 3); and (4) strongly identified gamers not only devalue a specific scientific study but also generalize their negative evaluations to the entire field of violent video games research (Study 3). The findings suggest that the influence of social identity processes on the evaluation of research is larger than it has previously been recognized. Implications of these findings for science communication are discussed. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Generalized outcome-based strategy classification: Comparing deterministic and probabilistic choice models - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Morten Moshagen (PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 2014)

Gerechtigkeit - Anna Baumert; Manfred Schmitt (Wörterbuch der Soziologie, 2014)

How diversity training can change attitudes: Increasing perceived complexity of superordinate groups to improve intergroup relations - Franziska Ehrke; Anne Berthold; Melanie C. Steffens (Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2014)
When conceiving diversity training—a popular strategy to manage prejudice within organizations and educational settings—there is little reliance on social-psychological theorizing and a lack of research on training effectiveness. In line with the ingroup projection model (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999), we postulate diversity training to improve intergroup attitudes by increasing perceived superordinate-group diversity. We tested this in two experiments with control-group designs and repeated measurement. In Experiment 1 (N = 62), a 2-hour diversity intervention (covered as get-to-know activities) increased perceived diversity of the superordinate group students and improved feelings towards the gender-outgroup. In Experiment 2 (N = 51), a 1-day diversity training increased perceived diversity of the superordinate groups adults and Germans and improved subgroup attitudes regarding gender, age, and nationality. Moreover, the training had positive long-term effects and reductions of ambivalent sexism were mediated by increased perceived diversity of the respective superordinate group adults. Our findings demonstrate that the ingroup-projection model provides a suitable theoretical foundation for real-world anti-prejudice interventions such as diversity training.

I Am Therefore I Do: Group Identification and Effort for the Achievement Goals - Gerhard Reese; Julia Dietrich (Social Sciences, 2014)
Relevant others (e.g., fellow group members) influence how goals and goal-directed behaviors are construed and valued. In turn, according to the “expectancy × value” model of motivated behavioral choice, people engage in goal-directed behaviors when they expect success and ascribe high values to a certain task. In this pilot study, we combine predictions from a social psychological goal perspective with recent theoretical developments from educational psychology, testing the processes that link a person’s social identity with the effort for the achievement goals. With a pilot study using a sample of 86 university students, we tested the assumption that expectation for success and subjective task values mediate the relation between the student identity and effort intentions. In line with our expectations, stronger identification with the group of students was related to stronger effort intentions, mediated via interest and attainment value. These results suggest that social identity may have a profound impact on the engagement decisions made in educational settings.

Individuelles Verhalten bei kollektiven Entscheidungen: Psychologische Dimensionen des energetischen Wandels - Gerhard Reese (Energielandschaften - Kulturlandschaften der Zukunft?, 2014)

Informal Learning Through Science Media Usage - Michaela Maier; Tobias Rothmund; Andrea Retzbach; Lukas Otto; John C. Besley (EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST, 2014)
This article reviews current research on informal science learning through news media. Based on a descriptive model of media-based science communication we distinguish between (a) the professional routines by which journalists select and depict scientific information in traditional media and (b) the psychological processes that account for how media recipients select, process and integrate such information. We argue that science literacy and media literacy in laypersons can be promoted by combining insights from the research on mass media production, laypersons' reception processes and the interplay of both. Moreover, we point out potential obstacles and biases in the process of science communication and suggest strategies to prevent such problems using media-based elements of science communication. Focusing on "traditional" news media in the main parts of the article, we conclude with reflections on how online sources might change the interplay between information demand and supply.

Internet use and verbal aggression: The moderating role of parents and peers - Markus Appel; Barbara Stiglbauer; Bernad Batinic; Peter Holtz (COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR, 2014)

Ironic Effects of Sexual Minority Group Membership: Are Lesbians Less Susceptible to Invoking Negative Female Stereotypes than Heterosexual Women? - Claudia Niedlich; Melanie C. Steffens; Jacqueline Krause; Elisabeth Settke; Irena D. Ebert (Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2014)
The traditional stereotype of the typical woman has been described as “nice, but incompetent.” However, such general gender stereotypes are applied to individual targets only under certain conditions: They are used to “fill in the blanks” (Heilman, 2012) if little personal information is provided about a target. “Typical lesbians” are regarded to have more typically masculine (agentic) characteristics such as task competence than the typical woman does. We thus hypothesized that if a woman displays behavior coinciding with the stereotype of the typical woman, it is more readily interpreted as stereotypically female if performed by a heterosexual woman than by a lesbian. Participants (N = 296) read a hypothetical job interview in which we manipulated the target’s sexual orientation (between subjects). Findings demonstrated that a lesbian was judged as more competent than a heterosexual woman in the presence of behavior that may be interpreted as gender-stereotypical (Experiments 1 and 2). This difference in competence judgments was not found in the absence of gender-stereotypical behavior (Experiment 1). Judging the heterosexual woman as low in masculinity was related to a judgment of lower competence (Experiment 2). Our findings demonstrate that there are conditions under which lesbians, a group often stereotyped negatively, are less susceptible to invoking negative female stereotypes than heterosexual women are.

It depends: Perfectionism as a moderator of experimentally induced stress - Elisabeth Zureck; Christine Altstötter-Gleich; Oliver T. Wolf; Matthias Brand (Personality and Individual Differences, 2014)

Jenseits von TIMSS: Messungen sprachlicher Kompetenzen, komplexe Längsschnittstudien und kulturvergleichende Analysen. Ergebnisse und Perspektiven ausgewählter Leistungsstudien - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (Leistungsmessungen in Schulen, 2014)

Journalists’ perceptions and reporting on scientific uncertainty and risks of nanotechnology - Jutta Milde; Guenther Lars; Ruhrmann Georg (2014)

Klassenführung, effiziente - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2014)

Konzeption eines interkulturellen Trainings - Ein Praxisprojekt in Kooperation mit dem International Office der Universität Koblenz-Landau - Nina Baumann; Susanne Weis (Dr. Kovac, 2014)
Global agierende Unternehmen, internationale Jugendbegegnungen, Auslandssemester sowie -praktika, weltweite Einsätze deutscher Soldaten, Migration und das damit verbundene Zusammenleben von Menschen unterschiedlicher Kulturen sind in Zeiten der Globalisierung und Internationalisierung der Gesellschaft längst Bestandteil unseres Alltags geworden. Durch diese zunehmende kulturelle Vielfalt wächst die Bedeutung interkultureller Kompetenz und damit auch entsprechender Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen. Um diese Schlüsselqualifikation zukünftig auch an Hochschulen zu fördern und im Rahmen der zahlreichen ausländischen Hochschulpartnerschaften sowie Forschungskooperationen die Studierenden gezielter auf ihren Auslandsaufenthalt vorzubereiten, wird in dieser Abhandlung ein interkulturelles Trainingskonzept erarbeitet. Für die Konzeption des interkulturellen Trainings werden zum einen das breite Spektrum an Literatur, erste Erfahrungen aus den im Rahmen des Pilotprojektes durchgeführten Trainings an der Universität Koblenz-Landau sowie Erfahrungen von Experten miteinbezogen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden Trainingsbausteine ausführlich aus der Literatur hergeleitet und Trainingsmanuale anderer Hochschulen dargestellt. Diese Ergebnisse werden anschließend durch die Erfahrungen der ersten beiden interkulturellen Trainings an der Universität Koblenz-Landau sowie mit praktischen Erfahrungen bereits etablierter Projekte ergänzt. Hinzu kommen Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen von Studierenden der Universität Koblenz-Landau, die bereits einen Auslandsaufenthalt absolviert haben. Damit werden alle zugänglichen Ressourcen zur Trainingskonzeption einbezogen und es wird eine sehr breite Konzeptionsbasis gewährleistet, wodurch sich dieses Buch und das interkulturelle Training besonders auszeichnen.

Körperliche Aktivität bei PatientInnen mit somatoformen Störungen: Ist Sporttherapie eine geeignete Behandlung? Programmbeschreibung und Fallbericht - Daniela Schwarz; Katharina Neumann; Annette Schröder (Verhaltenstherapie & Verhaltensmedizin, 2014)

Lehr-Lern-Prozesse - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2014)

Lehrer als Diagnostiker - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader (Handbuch der Forschung zum Lehrerberuf, 2014)

Let the Weakest Link Go! Empirical Explorations on the Relative Importance of Weak and Strong Ties on Social Networking Sites - Nicole C. Krämer; Leonie Rösner; Sabrina C. Eimler; Stephan Winter; German Neubaum (Societies, 2014)

Making Working Memory Work: A Meta-Analysis of Executive-Control and Working Memory Training in Older Adults - Julia Karbach; Paul Verhaeghen (PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2014)
This meta-analysis examined the effects of process-based executive-function and working memory training (49 articles, 61 independent samples) in older adults (> 60 years). The interventions resulted in significant effects on performance on the trained task and near-transfer tasks; significant results were obtained for the net pretest-to-posttest gain relative to active and passive control groups and for the net effect at posttest relative to active and passive control groups. Far-transfer effects were smaller than near-transfer effects but were significant for the net pretest-to-posttest gain relative to passive control groups and for the net gain at posttest relative to both active and passive control groups. We detected marginally significant differences in training-induced improvements between working memory and executive-function training, but no differences between the training-induced improvements observed in older adults and younger adults, between the benefits associated with adaptive and nonadaptive training, or between the effects in active and passive control conditions. Gains did not vary with total training time.

Meaning-making as a personal resource among elderly care nurses: Direct and moderating effects on emotional exhaustion and vigor - Maria Wassermann; Annekatrin Hoppe; Dorota Reis; Leonie von Uthmann (ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE, 2014)

Measuring four perspectives of justice sensitivity with two items each - Anna Baumert; Constanze Beierlein; Manfred Schmitt; Christoph Kemper; Anastassiya Kovaleva; Stefan Liebig; Beatrice Rammstedt (Journal of Personality Assessment, 2014)

Measuring Traits and States in Public Opinion Research: A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Political Efficacy - F. M. Schneider; L. Otto; D. Alings; M. Schmitt (International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2014)
Latent state-trait theory (LSTT) considers the fact that measurement does not take place in a situational vacuum. LSTT decomposes any observed variable into a latent state component and a measurement error component, and any latent state into a latent trait component and a latent state residual representing situational influence and/or interactional influences. Furthermore, it provides more precise reliability estimates than common coefficients. This article introduces the basic concepts of LSTT, discusses its usefulness for public opinion research, and applies LST models to panel data on political efficacy from the 2009 German Longitudinal Election Study. The findings show that internal efficacy is a rather trait-like disposition and external efficacy is significantly due to situational and/or interactional influences.

Measuring traits and states in public opinion research: A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Political Efficacy - F. Schneider; L. Otto; D. Alings; M. Schmitt (International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2014)

Media and Identity - Markus Appel; Martina Mara; Silvana Weber (Media and Social Life, 2014)

Mediennutzung von Jugendlichen. - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2014)

Merkmale des Leseunterrichts im vierten Schuljahr im Fokus videobasierter Analysen - Nora Heyne (Waxmann, 2014)

Mood - Tanja Lischetzke (Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research, 2014)

Motive und Funktionen der Internetnutzung. - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2014)

New directions in cognitive training: on methods, transfer, and application - Torsten Schubert; Tilo Strobach; Julia Karbach (PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG, 2014)

On the role of recognition in consumer choice: A model comparison - Benjamin E. Hilbig (JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING, 2014)

Parasoziale Interaktion und sozialer Vergleich. - Uli Gleich (Handbuch Medienrezeption, 2014)

Personality and Prosocial Behavior: Linking Basic Traits and Social Value Orientations - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Andreas Gloeckner; Ingo Zettler (JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)

Practice-related optimization and transfer of executive functions: a general review and a specific realization of their mechanisms in dual tasks - Tilo Strobach; Tiina Salminen; Julia Karbach; Torsten Schubert (PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG, 2014)
Improvements in performing demanding and complex task situations are typically related to the optimization of executive functions and efficient behavioral control. The present study systematizes and reviews the optimization of different executive function types: Shifting, Inhibition, Updating, and Dual tasking. In particular, we focus on optimisations of these functions with training and on transfer effects of related training skills to non-trained situations. The aim of the study's empirical part (see also Appendix) was to investigate the specific mechanisms of executive functions in the context of Dual tasking, leading to improved dual-task performance after practice. More specifically, we tested the Efficient Task Instantiation (ETI) model that includes specific assumptions regarding practice-related improvements of executive task coordination skills: Dual-task performance is improved with practice because of an efficient and conjoint instantiation of sets of relevant task information in working memory at the onset of a dual task. According to our knowledge, the ETI model is one of the first that allows illustrating the contribution of cognitive mechanisms underlying practice-related improvements in performing dual tasks and the impact of task coordination skills on this performance.

Proximate cognitive mechanisms underlying the survival processing effect. - Edgar Erdfelder; Meike Kroneisen (What is adaptive about adaptive memory?, 2014)

Psychologie der internen Organisationskommunikation - Frank Schneider; Andrea Retzbach; Berend Barkela; Michaela Maier (Handbuch Unternehmenskommunikation, 2014)
Über den Erfolg der Unternehmenskommunikation entscheiden neben der Struktur und den Rahmenbedingungen einer Organisation sowie der Qualität und Form von Kommunikationsmaßnahmen auch individuelle psychologische Faktoren der Rezipienten. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet dies am Beispiel der internen Organisationskommunikation. Zunächst werden die Relevanz interner Kommunikation für Organisationen sowie wesentliche Ziele und Formen interner Organisationskommunikation skizziert. Anschließend werden die wichtigsten psychologischen Theorien und Faktoren diskutiert, die die Wirkung interner Kommunikationsmaßnahmen erklären und beeinflussen können. Diese werden in einem theoretischen Wirkmodell dargestellt, das die Bezüge zwischen interner Unternehmenskommunikation und individuellen psychologischen sowie situationsbedingten Faktoren aufzeigt. Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten besprochen, wie Kommunikation diagnostiziert und evaluiert werden kann.

Psychologische Diagnostik kompakt: Mit Arbeitsmaterial zum Download - Manfred Schmitt; Friederike Gerstenberg (Beltz, 2014)

Qualität der Fernsehberichterstattung über internationale Krisen und Konflikte. Ein Vergleich zwischen öffentlich-rechtlichen und privaten Nachrichtenanbietern - Ines Vogel; Karin Stengel; Marion Rahnke (Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft M % K, 2014)
Kriege, Krisen und Konflikte sind bedeutende Themen für Nachrichtenmedien. Als Ereignisse, die häufig überraschend auftreten, das Leben vieler Menschen negativ beeinflussen und Emotionen hervorrufen, werden sie zu Topthemen der Berichterstattung. Dabei hat die journalistische Qualität solcher Meldungen gesellschaftliche und politische Relevanz, weil diese nicht nur die Bevölkerung über aktuelle Geschehnisse in der Welt informieren, sondern auch die öffentliche Diskussion und Meinungsbildung beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Inhaltsanalyse untersucht über drei Monate hinweg die Konfliktberichterstattung der Hauptnachrichtensendungen der vier reichweitenstärksten deut-schen Fernsehsender (Das Erste, ZDF, RTL und Sat.1). Anhand von 444 Nachrichtenbeiträgen über internationale Konflikte und Kriege werden öffentlich-rechtliche und private Nachrichtensendungen hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit der Berichterstattung und verschiedener journalistischer Qualitätskriterien miteinander verglichen. Die untersuchten Merkmale der journalistischen Qualitätsdimensionen Vielfalt, Relevanz und Professionalität werden von den Nachrichtensendungen beider Programmanbieter überwiegend erfüllt, die öffentlich-rechtlichen Sender schneiden aber insgesamt - vor allem mit Blick auf eine ausgewogene und kritische Berichterstattung - etwas besser ab.

Rethinking Trait Conceptions of Social Desirability Scales: Impression Management as an Expression of Honesty-Humility - Reinout E. de Vries; Ingo Zettler; Benjamin E. Hilbig (ASSESSMENT, 2014)

Scholastik - Friedrich-Wilhelm Schrader; Andreas Helmke (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2014)

Second Screen und Social-Media-Nutzung. - Uli Gleich (Media Perspektiven, 2014)

Selektion und Rezeption von wissenschaftsbezogenen Informationen aus dem Internet: Entwicklung eines theoretischen Modells und Implikationen für instruktionale Settings / Selection and processing of science-related online content: Development of a theoretical model and implications for instructional settings - Nicole C. Krämer; Stephan Winter (Unterrichtswissenschaft: Zeitschrift für Lernforschung, 2014)

Shame on Me: Implicit Assessment of Negative Moral Self-Evaluation in Shame-Proneness - Tobias Rothmund; Anna Baumert (SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE, 2014)
In two experimental studies, we used a moral self-evaluation implicit association task to investigate reactions to personal moral transgressions. In Study 1, negative self-evaluation was higher after participants had been blamed for being late to the experiment compared to a control condition. In Study 2, participants imagined committing either (a) a moral transgression or (b) no moral wrongdoing. In the transgression condition, negative self-evaluation was increased compared to the control condition. This effect was particularly pronounced among participants high in dispositional shame-proneness. Moreover, in the transgression condition, negative moral self-evaluation mediated the effect of shame-proneness on the preference for physical cleansing products. The present findings contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive and affective processes that underlie moral motivation.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Video Game Violence on Interpersonal Trust - Tobias Rothmund; Mario Gollwitzer; Jens Bender; Christoph Klimmt (Media Psychology, 2014)

Spatiotemporal integration of tactile patterns along and across fingers - Joerg Trojan; Maruschka Heil; Christian Maihoefner; Rupert Hoelzl; Dieter Kleinboehl; Herta Flor; Justus Benrath (NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 2014)
The volar sides of the fingers can be seen as the haptic counterpart to the fovea for visual perception. This study assessed the localisation of individual tactile stimuli and spatiotemporal patterns presented to the volar side of the fingers. Participants performed the localisation task by pointing at the perceived positions with a 3D tracker. Based on the pointing data, perceptual snaps were devised in which perceived positions, their relationship to each other and to veridical stimulus positions could be analysed. Participants were able to accurately and consistently report the locations of the stimuli. Localisation of stimuli presented within a spatiotemporal pattern generally differed from localization of individual stimuli presented to the same positions. In most cases, stimuli were perceived as being spatially closer when they were presented within a spatiotemporal pattern compared to when being presented individually. Spatiotemporal integration along the fingers followed the predictions of the sensory saltation paradigm: The shorter the temporal delay between the two stimuli, the closer together they were perceived. For spatiotemporal patterns across fingers, the results were inconclusive: No general relationship between temporal delay and the difference between the perceived positions could be demonstrated, presumably because the effect could only be elicited in some finger combinations. Temporal delay did have, however, an effect on overall lateral shifts in localisation. (C) 2013 The Authors. published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stereotype und Vorurteile - Melanie Caroline Steffens; J. Roth (Homosexualität und Familien - Handreichungen für familienbezogenes Fachpersonal, 2014)

Stories can influence the self-concept - Tobias Richter; Markus Appel; Frank Calio (SOCIAL INFLUENCE, 2014)

Tactile localization depends on stimulus intensity - Peter Steenbergen; Jan R. Buitenweg; Joerg Trojan; Peter H. Veltink (EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 2014)
Few experimental data are available about the influence of stimulus intensity on localization of cutaneous stimuli. The localization behavior of an individual as function of the veridical stimulus sites can be represented in the form of a perceptual map. It is unknown how the intensity of cutaneous stimuli influences these perceptual maps. We investigated the effect of stimulus intensity on trial-to-trial localization variability and on perceptual maps. We applied non-painful electrocutaneous stimuli of three different intensities through seven surface electrodes on the lower arm of healthy participants. They localized the stimuli on a tablet monitor mounted directly above their arm, on which a photograph of this arm was presented. The length of the arm over which the stimuli were localized was contracted when compared to the real electrode positions. This length increased toward veridical with increasing stimulus intensity. The trial-to-trial variance of the localizations dropped significantly with increasing intensity. Furthermore, localization biases of individual stimulus positions were shown to decrease with increasing stimulus intensity. We conclude that tactile stimuli are localized closer to veridical with increasing intensity in two respects: the localizations become more consistent and more accurate.

Teachers' expertise in feedback application adapted to the phases of the learning process - Eva Christophel; Robert Gaschler; Wolfgang Schnotz (FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 2014)

The ‘Big Two’ of agency and communion in language and communication - Andrea Abele; Susanne Bruckmüller (Social Cognition and Communication. Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology, 2014)

The Eurozone Crisis: Psychological Mechanisms Undermining and Supporting European Solidarity - Gerhard Reese; Oliver Lauenstein (Social Sciences, 2014)
Europe has become a vivid example of intergroup dynamics with all the risks and chances it holds for peaceful and respectful co-existence. While Europe as a superordinate social category has the capability of solidarity between its subcategories (i.e., nations), negative emotions and behaviors among the countries’ citizens have become more prevalent throughout the emerging crisis. This article aims to analyze the psychological outcomes (i.e., negative attitudes) following on from the structural and economic imbalances within the European Union. More precisely, we argue that political reactions towards the Euro crisis facilitated routes to nationalism and thereby fostered supremacy in a few countries. This perceived supremacy of some countries, in turn, legitimized negative reactions towards others. Based on predictions from a social identity perspective, we describe how these processes perpetuate themselves. We also suggest strategies that might prevent the idea of a common Europe from failing

The German "Wutburger": How Justice Sensitivity Accounts for Individual Differences in Political Engagement - Tobias Rothmund; Anna Baumert; Axel Zinkernagel (SOCIAL JUSTICE RESEARCH, 2014)
Perceived injustice can trigger strong emotional reactions and motivate political protest. Although there is vast empirical evidence for this chain of reactions, we know little about individual differences in how perceived injustice can motivate people to engage in political actions. In a survey study with 1,005 German participants, we investigated how justice sensitivity as a personality disposition accounts for individual differences in political engagement. Regression analyses revealed that justice sensitivity from an observer perspective promotes political engagement, whereas justice sensitivity from a victim perspective is not related to political engagement. In the concrete case of a political decision regarding the public transport project "Stuttgart 21" in Germany, our data indicated that perceived procedural injustice of the decision process and moral outrage mediated the relation of justice sensitivity from an observer perspective and political protest. The present findings are in line with research on the behavioral outcomes of justice sensitivity and contribute to the understanding of individual differences in political engagement and its underlying motivational processes.

The glass cliff: Examining why women occupy leadership positions in precarious circumstances - Susanne Bruckmüller; Michelle Ryan; Floor Rink; S. Alexander Haslam (The Oxford Handbook of Gender in Organisations, 2014)

The impact of subjective recognition experiences on recognition heuristic use: A multinomial processing tree approach - Marta Castela; David Kellen; Edgar Erdfelder; Benjamin E. Hilbig (PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW, 2014)

The Importance of Synchrony and Temporal Order of Visual and Tactile Input for Illusory Limb Ownership Experiences - An fMRI Study Applying Virtual Reality - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann; Jens Foell; Martin Diers; Sandra Kamping; Mariela Rance; Pinar Kirsch; Joerg Trojan; Xaver Fuchs; Felix Bach; Hueseyin Kemal Cakmak; Heiko Maass; Herta Flor (PLOS ONE, 2014)
In the so-called rubber hand illusion, synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a visible rubber hand together with one's own hidden hand elicits ownership experiences for the artificial limb. Recently, advanced virtual reality setups were developed to induce a virtual hand illusion (VHI). Here, we present functional imaging data from a sample of 25 healthy participants using a new device to induce the VHI in the environment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In order to evaluate the neuronal robustness of the illusion, we varied the degree of synchrony between visual and tactile events in five steps: in two conditions, the tactile stimulation was applied prior to visual stimulation (asynchrony of -300 ms or -600 ms), whereas in another two conditions, the tactile stimulation was applied after visual stimulation (asynchrony of +300 ms or +600 ms). In the fifth condition, tactile and visual stimulation was applied synchronously. On a subjective level, the VHI was successfully induced by synchronous visuotactile stimulation. Asynchronies between visual and tactile input of +/- 300 ms did not significantly diminish the vividness of illusion, whereas asynchronies of +/- 600 ms did. The temporal order of visual and tactile stimulation had no effect on VHI vividness. Conjunction analyses of functional MRI data across all conditions revealed significant activation in bilateral ventral premotor cortex (PMv). Further characteristic activation patterns included bilateral activity in the motion-sensitive medial superior temporal area as well as in the bilateral Rolandic operculum, suggesting their involvement in the processing of bodily awareness through the integration of visual and tactile events. A comparison of the VHI-inducing conditions with asynchronous control conditions of +/- 600 ms yielded significant PMv activity only contralateral to the stimulation site. These results underline the temporal limits of the induction of limb ownership related to multisensory body-related input.

The Perceived Leadership Communication Questionnaire (PLCQ): Development and Validation - Frank M. Schneider; Michaela Maier; Sara Lovrekovic; Andrea Retzbach (The Journal of Psychology, 2014)
The Perceived Leadership Communication Questionnaire (PLCQ) is a short, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring leadership communication from both perspectives of the leader and the follower. Drawing on a communication-based approach to leadership and following a theoretical framework of interpersonal communication processes in organizations, this article describes the development and validation of a one-dimensional 6-item scale in four studies (total N = 604). Results from Study 1 and 2 provide evidence for the internal consistency and factorial validity of the PLCQ's self-rating version (PLCQ-SR)—a version for measuring how leaders perceive their own communication with their followers. Results from Study 3 and 4 show internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity of the PLCQ's other-rating version (PLCQ-OR)—a version for measuring how followers perceive the communication of their leaders. Cronbach's α had an average of.80 over the four studies. All confirmatory factor analyses yielded good to excellent model fit indices. Convergent validity was established by average positive correlations of.69 with subdimensions of transformational leadership and leader-member exchange scales. Furthermore, nonsignificant correlations with socially desirable responding indicated discriminant validity. Last, criterion validity was supported by a moderately positive correlation with job satisfaction (r =.31).

The rubber hand illusion depends on a congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers - Martin Riemer; Xaver Fuchs; Florian Bublatzky; Dieter Kleinboehl; Rupert Hoelzl; Joerg Trojan (ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA, 2014)
The rubber hand illusion (RHI), in which a visible artificial hand is touched (or moves) synchronously with the participant's unseen own hand, indicates that body representations can undergo rapid changes. While several constraints for this illusion have been described, some reports highlight a remarkable flexibility of body representations, even contradicting a priori assumptions regarding body appearance and anatomy (e.g., the subjective embodiment of a third arm). Here we examine the impact of congruence between touches at (or movements of) the real and the artificial hand, as well as the role of predictability of touches (or movements). We implemented two versions of the RHI paradigm, based on passive tactile stimulation and active voluntary movements. The results show that (a) predictability does not modulate perceived embodiment, and that (b) congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers is a necessary condition for both the tactile and the motor RI-H. Together with previously reported constraints for bodily illusions, these results are reduced to four principles, which determine subjective embodiment: temporal synchrony, congruence of mapping between real and artificial body parts, body unity and body shape. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thought Action Fusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A validation study of the Thought Action Fusion Scale (TAP Scale) for the German language area - Jana Hansmeier; Cornelia Exner; Winfried Rief; Julia Glombiewski (ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE, 2014)

To boast or not to boast: Testing the humility aspect of the Honesty-Humility factor - Benjamin E. Hilbig; Timo Heydasch; Ingo Zettler (PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 2014)

Trust in me, trust in you: A social projection account of the link between personality, cooperativeness, and trustworthiness expectations - Isabel Thielmann; Benjamin E. Hilbig (JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY, 2014)