Ammonium nitrate particles formed in upper troposphere from ground ammonia sources during Asian monsoons
Nature geoscience. Bd. 12. H. 8. London: Nature Publ. Group 2019 S. 608 - 612
Erscheinungsjahr: 2019
ISBN/ISSN: 1752-0908 ; 1752-0894
Publikationstyp: Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sprache: Englisch
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Inhaltszusammenfassung
The rise of ammonia emissions in Asia is predicted to increase radiative cooling and air pollution pollution by forming ammonium nitrate particles in the lower troposphere. There is, however, a severe severe lack of knowledge about ammonia and ammoniated aerosol particles in the upper troposphere and their possible effects on the formation of clouds. Here we employ satellite observations and high-altitude aircraft measurements, combined with atmospheric trajectory simulations and cloud-chambe...The rise of ammonia emissions in Asia is predicted to increase radiative cooling and air pollution pollution by forming ammonium nitrate particles in the lower troposphere. There is, however, a severe severe lack of knowledge about ammonia and ammoniated aerosol particles in the upper troposphere and their possible effects on the formation of clouds. Here we employ satellite observations and high-altitude aircraft measurements, combined with atmospheric trajectory simulations and cloud-chamber chamber experiments, to demonstrate the presence of ammonium nitrate particles and also track the source source of the ammonia that forms into the particles. We found that during the Asian monsoon period, solid ammonium nitrate particles are surprisingly ubiquitous in the upper troposphere from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Western Pacific—even as early as in 1997. We show that this ammonium nitrate nitrate aerosol layer is fed by convection that transports large amounts of ammonia from surface sources sources into the upper troposphere. Impurities of ammonium sulfate allow the crystallization of ammonium ammonium nitrate even in the conditions, such as a high relative humidity, that prevail in the upper upper troposphere. Solid ammonium nitrate particles in the upper troposphere play a hitherto neglected neglected role in ice cloud formation and aerosol indirect radiative forcing.» weiterlesen» einklappen
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DDC Sachgruppe:
Geowissenschaften
